Essential differences in the degree of papaverine [5 x 10(-5) M]- and theophylline [1 x 10(-3) M]-induced inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) were found in homogenates from different structures of the CNS as well as from different organs of male albino rats. Both inhibitors of PDE showed a mosaic pattern of their inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity of the brain structu...

mycorrhizal status of pistachio seedling in kerman province in regard to region and some soil properties and also symbiotic potential of sorghum, clover and onion isolates with pistachio seedling were evaluated in this research. 72 samples of pistachio nurseries and 67 samples of sorghum, clover and onion farms were gathered from kerman province and mycorrhizal colonization percent of their roo...

Osteoporosis is considered as one of the most common diseases that women face after their menopause and is caused by both genetic and environmental factors.  Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) gene is one of the important genetic factors contributing in osteoporosis which has a direct and very important relationship with fasting. Fasting is one of the alternatives proved to reduce the DPP-4 level a...

BACKGROUND Uremic cardiomyopathy contributes substantially to mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may improve cardiac function, but is mainly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a rat model of chronic renal failure, 5/6-nephrectomized [5/6N] rats were treated orally with DPP-4 inhibitors (linagliptin, si...

Dpp, a member of the BMP family, is a morphogen that specifies positional information in Drosophila wing precursors. In this tissue, Dpp expressed along the anterior-posterior boundary forms a concentration gradient that controls the expression domains of target genes, which in turn specify the position of wing veins. Dpp also promotes growth in this tissue. The relationship between the spatio-...

Abstract A sensitive electrochemical sensor for the selective detection of 5?-guanylic acid (5?-GMP) was prepared by combining sulfonated-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SMWCNTs) and [Ru(bpy) 2 dpp]Cl , which were dripped on surface a glass electrode (GCE) immobilized with gold nanoparticles. The 5?-GMP biosensor fabricated using dpp] 2+ /SMWCNTs/Au/GCE as working, Ag/AgCl reference Pt auxiliary ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in children with Down syndrome (DS) and associated with significant morbidity. In the current study we examined polysomnographic outcomes of children with DS who underwent tonsillectomy. METHODS A retrospective chart review of children with DS who underwent a tonsillectomy between 2009-2015 was performed. All children had either a concu...

The differentiation of veins in the Drosophila wing relies on localised expression of decapentaplegic (dpp) in pro-vein territories during pupal development. The expression of dpp in the pupal veins requires the integrity of the shortvein region (shv), localised 5' to the coding region. It is likely that this DNA integrates positive and negative regulatory signals directing dpp transcription du...

introduction: today, production of organic farming and gardening is rising. the use of organic fertilizers such as animal manure has a long history. in recent years, the use of fertilizers and manure for providing the nutritional needs of plants, improve soil physical and chemical structure and reduce the environmental issues have been observed. animal manures can increase soil organic matter a...

The Dpp morphogen gradient derived from the anterior stripe of cells is thought to control growth and patterning of the Drosophila wing disc. However, the spatial-temporal requirement of dpp for growth and patterning remained largely unknown. Recently, two studies re-addressed this question. By generating a conditional null allele, one study proposed that the dpp stripe is critical for patterni...