introduction : the innate immune system as the first line of defense against the pathogens recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by toll-like receptors (tlrs). interaction of bacterial pamps by tlrs results in activation of innate and acquired immunity. fimh adhesin, a minor component of type 1 fimbriae encoded by uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) is a pamp of tlr4 that ...

background: the pathogenesis of migraine involves immune-mediated mechanisms in the vascular endothelium. toll like receptor 4 (tlr-4) is a signaling receptor of innate immunity which plays a role in various neuropathologies related to neuron inflammation. objective: this case/control study is aimed to investigate whether tlr- 4 896a/g variation is related to migraine headaches in an iranian po...

the affinity of low density lipoprotein (ldl) to its receptor is very important, because most of ldl-uptake pathway is done by the ldl receptor and the change in size of ldl particle and the modification in its components may affects the ldl affinity for its receptor. in this study, the effects of lipophilic agents such as vitamin e and seven volatile oils: anethol, eugenol, geraniol, limonene,...

ER proteins of widely differing abundance are retrieved from the Golgi by KDEL-receptor. Abundant tend to have KDEL rather than HDEL signals, whereas ADEL and DDEL not used in most organisms. Here, we explore mechanism selective retrieval signal capture KDEL-receptor how binds with 10-fold higher affinity KDEL. Our results show carboxyl-terminus moves along a ladder arginine residues as it ente...

Herein is reported a Rh2(OAc)4/IMes ? HCl system that promotes the chemoselective installation of aryl groups at 2-position furo[2,3-b]pyridine (53–94% yields). The method applicable to direct modification natural furoquinoline alkaloid dictamnine. cardiac effects fluorinated analogues improved, compared dictamnine 160 ?g/mL. Preliminary mechanism action studies indicate might be related epinep...