Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) is a key component of the 3D Packaging roadmap. It expands low cost wafer-level processing to advanced packaging by delivering improved density, higher performance in a small form factor. Foundries and OSATs are investing rapidly in WLP. As with any new packaging application, WLP will be required to demonstrate mature yield levels for cost effective high volume manuf...

This paper describes a quasi-3D Bayesian inversion of oceanographic tracer data from the South Atlantic Ocean. Initially, one active neutral-density layer is considered with an upper and lower boundary. The available hydrographic data are linked to model parameters (water velocities, diffusion coefficients) via a 3D advection–diffusion equation. A robust solution to the inverse problem can be o...

Three dimensional (3D) super-resolution can be achieved in microscopy instruments by means of phase masks that shape the point spread function [1]. Grey level lithography is an attractive procedure for the generation of these phase masks. The photolithographic phase masks (PPM) encode the light emitted from a specimen via a topographical index of refraction variation consisting of a series of p...

Recent work published in the accompanying paper used a combination of 3D morphological reconstruction to define optical spread functions and heat transfer physics to study how external heat energy would reach the sensory membrane within the facial pit of pitvipers. The results from all of the species examined indicated asymmetric directional sensitivity, e.g. the pit would preferentially respon...

Abstract Reservoir monitoring is important in maintaining water retention and controlling volume changes as well sedimentation rates. usually uses conventional means such recording the pole leveling height at a certain time, using large ships with sounding method determining position depth by utilizing total stations intersection measurements. However, methods require lot of manpower, significa...

This 3D modeling experience lies in the more general framework of large scale cartography aimed at conservation of an historical city center. The study has been applied to the ancient nucleus of “Certaldo Alto”, a medieval village in Tuscany famous as Boccaccio’s birthplace. The data acquisition project exploited the synergy of topography, photogrammetry and 3D scanning for generating a cartogr...