This paper presents a new instruction cache scheme: the TAC (Thrashing-Avoidance Cache). A 2-way TAC scheme employs 2-way banks and XOR mapping functions. The main function of the TAC is to place a group of instructions separated by a call instruction into a bank according to the Bank Selection Logic (BSL) and Bank-originated Pseudo-LRU replacement policies (BoPLRU). After the BSL initially sel...

If Leonardo's studies of the camera obscura stand in a well established tradition, they remain important for at least three reasons. One is their sheer quantity: there are no less than 270 diagrams of camera obscuras in Leonardo's notebooks. Second, he uses it to demonstrate a wide range of optical principles: inversion of images, non-interference, images all in all, intensity of light and shad...

Shade tolerance is a key adaptive strategy displayed by heliophytic photosynthetic organisms in response to limited light. Although generalized morphological and physiological traits associated with shade tolerance exist, the interest in shade tolerance has been expanding over the past few years due primarily to the controversies that have emerged on classical hypotheses of shade tolerance. In ...

The effect of arti®cial shading in summer and early autumn on the occurrence of double pistils in `Satohnishiki' sweet cherry was studied. Potted trees were grown in steel frame structures covered with woven shade cloth made of silvered polyethylene and providing 53% and 78% light reduction, from 23rd July to 4th October in 1995 and from 16th July to 16th September in 1997. In 1995, shading lev...

This paper provides a new and fast method for matching and recognition of characters in Arabic license plate images. For this purpose, various methods have been proposed in literature. However, most of them suffer from: sensitivity to non-uniform illumination distribution, existence of shade in license plate, license plate color and the need for receiving an exact image of the license plate. Th...

In this paper we present BH-ShaDe, an educational software tool that assists architecture students in the process of learning to design single-family dwellings. To this end, BH-ShaDe generates and proposes housing units schemes, which can serve as starting points in student ́s exercises and projects. The tool has been designed and implemented based on the ideas of reinforcement learning and shap...

Orthographic, stereographic, and allied projections of the spherical surface form the subjects of Chapter XI I , and the next three deal with the principles of shade, shadow, and perspective. While it is not written expressly for mathematicians, no student of geometry, especially of surfaces, can review this book without profit. In the main it is firmly grounded on mathematical principles accom...

The necessity of on-farm research to assess the relationship between shade ecological features and yields has been broadly recognised. On this basis, a more sustainable coffee system could be developed, with better conservation of natural resources. An on-farm research project was conducted in the municipality of Chilón, Chiapas, Mexico, with the objectives of investigating the effect of shade ...

Experiments were conducted in both greenhouse and field settings using a three trophic level system to determine whether abiotic changes alone could alter predator-prey-resource interactions, the relative contribution of traitmediated and density-mediated effects, and trait-mediated and density-mediated impact intensity under varying abiotic conditions. Three manuscripts were produced ; the fir...

Finger vein is a promising biometric pattern for personal identification in terms of its security and convenience. However, so residual information, such as shade produced by various thicknesses of the finger muscles, bones, and tissue networks surrounding the vein, are also captured in the infrared images of finger vein. Meanwhile, the pose variation of the finger may also cause failure to rec...