Polarization three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has received extensive attention in recent years because of its advantages high accuracy, long detection distance, simplicity, and low cost. The ambiguity the normal obtained by polarization characteristics target’s specular or diffuse reflected light limits development 3D technology. Over past few decades, many shape from techniques have b...

Echo-location is a broad approach to imaging and sensing that includes both man-made RADAR, LIDAR, SONAR also animal navigation. However, full 3D information based on echo-location requires some form of scanning the scene in order provide spatial location echo origin-points. Without this information, objects very challenging task as inverse retrieval problem strongly ill-posed. Here, we show te...

A short overview on 3D live cell imaging is given. Relevant samples are described and various problems challenges—including by optical sectioning, light scattering phototoxicity—are addressed. Furthermore, enhanced methods of wide-field or laser scanning microscopy together with some relevant examples applications summarized. In the future one may profit from a continuous increase in microscopi...