Presence of outliers critically affects many pattern classification tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic outlier detection method based on neighborhood rank difference. In particular, reverse and the forward nearest neighbor rank difference is employed to capture the variations in densities of a test point with respect to various training points. In the first step of our method, we ...

In the course of damning the market giant Standard Oil, the Supreme Court declared that the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act is to prevent "monopoly and the acts which produce the same result as monopoly." The Constitution's Supremacy Clause, in turn, requires preemption-that is, non-enforcement-of state laws that conflict with a federal statute. Put together, these propositions suggest tha...

In March 2004, the National Assembly of South Korea impeached President Roh Moo-hyun and brought about an immediate suspension of Roh's presidency. Two months later, the Constitutional Court of Korea restored the status quo by dismissing the impeachment and reinstating the President. This episode marks the first time in the history of modern constitutionalism that a president impeached by a leg...

Base metal promoted gold/titania catalysts were synthesized, characterized and tested in CO oxidation reaction. Catalysts containing dopant metals in higher oxidation states exhibited higher activity than catalysts containing dopants in reduced states. The activity of fresh catalysts promoted by Cu, Fe and Ni was similar to the unpromoted one, but treatment in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres...

Synchrotron x-ray imaging and stress measurements of diamond-anvil cell gaskets revealed large elastic strains at the diamond tip at a pressure of 300 gigapascals. The diamond, generally considered a rigid body, bent 16 degrees over a distance of 300 micrometers without failure. To complement these measurements, a technique was developed that permits x-ray diffraction to be measured through a b...