Police academies traditionally emphasize the importance of being physically fit. The purpose of this research was to determine cadet baseline physical fitness characteristics and assess effectiveness of a 16-week training program. Sixty-eight cadets (61 men, 7 women) volunteered to have baseline physical fitness characteristics assessed, and 55 cadets (49 men, 6 women) completed further testing...

OBJECTIVE Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is often complicated by subsidence, pseudoarthrosis, kyphosis, and graft donor site morbidities. To decrease the occurrence of these complications, various types of cages have been developed. We designed this retrospective study to analyze and compare the efficacy and outcomes of ACDF using double cylindrical cages (DCC) (BK Medical, Seou...

Ups1p, Ups2p, and Ups3p are three homologous proteins that control phospholipid metabolism in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). The Ups proteins are atypical IMS proteins in that they lack the two major IMS-targeting signals, bipartite presequences and cysteine motifs. Here, we show that Ups protein import is mediated by another IMS protein, Mdm35p. In vitro import assays show that i...

The presence of intracellular ubiquitylated inclusions in neurodegenerative disorders and the role of the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) in degrading abnormal hazardous proteins have given rise to the hypothesis that UPS-impairment underlies neurodegenerative processes. However, this remains controversial for polyglutamine disorders such as Huntington disease (HD). Whereas studies in cellula...

The present study investigates cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic role of ubiquity proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction in dopaminergic degeneration following exposure to Parkinsonian neurotoxins. Mutations or overproduction of α-synuclein have been shown to be associated with familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), and wild type αsynuclein is the major component of Lewy bodies, the protei...

Evidence has shown that ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) impairment plays an important role in the dopamine (DA) neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been reported that application of proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin in ventral mesencephalon (VM) cultures can cause DA neurodegeneration, although the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Herein, we used the lactacystin-induced ...

This paper proposes a novel three phase nine-switch ac/ac converter topology with space vector pulse width modulation techniques for UPS applications. This converter features sinusoidal inputs and outputs, unity power factor and mainly a reduced Number of active switches. The SVPWM operating principle is elaborated. Simulation of three phase ac to ac converter with conventional method is evalua...

We developed a fabrication technique of very thin silicon nanowall structures. The minimum width of the fabricated silicon nanowall structures was about 3 nm. This thinnest region of the silicon nanowall structures was investigated by using cathode luminescence and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The UPS measurements revealed that the density of states (DOS) of the thinnest region...