Echinochloa spp. is one of the most invasive weeds in rice fields worldwide. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides are two widely used herbicides. However, overuse has led to resistance evolution penoxsulam (ALS-inhibitor) cyhalofop-methyl (ACCase-inhibitor). In this work, 137 different populations were collected Extremadura (western Spain) where ...

The mode o f action o f cyclohexane-l,3-dione-type (cycloxydim, clethodim , sethoxydim, tralkoxydim ) and aryloxyphenoxypropanoate-type herbicides (diclofop, fenoxaprop, haloxyfop, fluazifop) is sum m arized in this review. Both herbicide classes, though structurally com ­ pletely different, specifically block the same target enzyme i.e. the plastid acetyl-CoA carboxy­ lase (ACC) (EC 6.4.1.2). ...

Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generated in response to receptor stimulation play an important role in mediating cellular responses. We have examined the importance of reversible cysteine sulfenic acid formation in naive CD8(+) T cell activation and proliferation. We observed that, within minutes of T cell activation, naive CD8(+) T cells increased ROI levels in a manner dependent upon Ag ...

Camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid hydrate was prepared by the action of selenous acid on camphor-10-sulfonic acid. Camphorquinone-10-sulfonylnorleucine was prepared either from the sulfonic acid via the sulfonyl chloride or by selenous acid oxidation of camphor-10-sulfonylnorleucine. These reagents are useful for specific, reversible modification of the guanidino groups of arginine residues. Camp...

A series of novel 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives containing 4-thiazolidinone framework (4a-f) were synthesized through a four-step reaction starting from the reduction of nitro derivatives of 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes. The resulting aminoxanthenes converted to thiourea derivatives via their reaction with methyl isothiocyanate. The final products were synthesized through the re...

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel openers have a relaxation effect due to the lower cellular membrane potential and inhibit calcium influx. There has been considerable interest in exploring KATP channel openers in the treatment of various diseases such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and urinary system disease and premature labor. The purpose of this study was to synthesize 3,3,6,6-tet...

This work presents strong evidence that the role of the active site arginine in D-amino acid oxidase is to act as a positively charged group interacting with the flavin N(l)--C(S)=O locus. Modification with cyclohexanedione, which has been shown previously to m dify specifically an active site arginine in D-amino acid oxidase (Ferti, C., Curti, B., Simonetta, M. P., Ronchi, S., Galliano, M., an...

significance as calcium-channel modulators in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, cardiac arrythmias or angina.1 In recent years, interest has also been focused on aza-analogs of dihydropyridines, such as dihydropyrimidines, which show a very similar pharmacological profile to that of dihydropyridine calcium channel modulators.2 In a continuation of these studies, ri...