Having knowledge of stability of an underground space depends on stresses and strains around it. Creating underground tunnels leads to significant changes in the rock mass stress. Therefore, to achieve the necessary stability, stresses and deformations around the tunnel must be examined carefully. Usually, stress-strain behavior analysis is conducted in two-dimensional mode. This paper was cond...

Cervical dysfunction contributes to a significant number of preterm births and is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Cervical dysfunction is related to weakened load bearing properties of the collagen-rich cervical stroma. However, the mechanisms responsible for cervical collagen changes during pregnancy are not well defined. It is known that blood flow and oxygen ten...

The superfluid properties of the attractive Hubbard model in a Zeeman magnetic field, and in the weak coupling regime have been investigated. The temperature and magnetic field dependencies of the order parameter have been analyzed. Furthermore, the temperature vs. magnetic field and temperature vs. spin polarization phase diagrams for the 2D and 3D lattices have been obtained. For some paramet...

This article is intended to provide an overview of various aspects of clinical PET/CT. These include discussions of: (i) Important areas of clinical application; (ii) Opportunities in clinical research; (iii) Scanner and operating-mode considerations (e.g. BGO vs. LSO, LYSO or GSO scanners, 2D vs. 3D imaging). (iv) Study-specific considerations (e.g. patient preparation and positioning issues, ...

BACKGROUND Two-dimensional (2D) perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) remains limited by a lack of complete myocardial coverage. Three-dimensional (3D) perfusion CMR addresses this limitation and has recently been shown to be clinically feasible. However, the feasibility and potential clinical utility of quantitative 3D perfusion measurements, as already shown with 2D-perfusion CMR ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although 3D FLAIR imaging visualizes detailed structures of the brain stem, it has not been used to evaluate its normal anatomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether 3D FLAIR images can provide more detailed anatomic information of the brain stem than 2D FLAIR and 2D T2WI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated MR images in 10 healthy volunteers. ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate incidental irradiation of the internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLNs) through opposed tangential fields with conventional two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) radiotherapy techniques and to compare the results between the two techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 80 breast cancer patients in whom radiotherapy of the IMLNs was not indi...