DNA molecules in an agarose matrix elongate and migrate toward the anode when exposed to an electric field. An agarose matrix represents a highly irregular network with pores of various dimensions, large open areas, and regions with different densities. During electrophoresis, migration will be retarded by obstructions that prevent sieving by size and result in "end-on" migration as if through ...

MATERIALS 5x TBE electrophoresis buffer Polyacrylamide gels are poured and run in 0.5x or 1x TBE at low voltage (1-8 V/cm) to prevent denaturation of small fragments of DNA by Joulic heating. Other electrophoresis buffers such as 1x TAE (please see Agarose Gel Electrophoresis) can be used, but they are not as good as TBE. The gel must be run more slowly in 1x TAE, which does not provide as much...

background and objectives: citrobacter freundii is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections and resistant to various antibiotics. we aimed to determine the clonal relationship of c. freundii isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). materials and methods: fifty clinical isolates of c. freundii were collected from the main hospital in kermanshah. after antibiotic sus...

PROTICdb is a web-based database mainly designed to store and analyze plant proteome data obtained by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). The goals of PROTICdb are (1) to store, track, and query information related to proteomic experiments, i.e., from tissue sampling to protein identification and quantitative measurements; and (2) to integrate information...

Neuroblastoma (NB) is an infant tumor which frequently differentiates into neurons. We used two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to analyze the cytosolic and nuclear protein expression patterns of LAN-5 cells following neuronal differentiating agent all-trans-retinoic acid treatment. We identified several candidate proteins, from which G beta2 and Prefoldin 3 may have a...

DynaProt 2D presents an advanced online database for dynamic access to proteomes and two-dimensional (2D) gels. The database was designed to administer complete in silico proteomes and links them with experimental proteomic data in the manner of 2D electrophoresis gels (IPG-Dalt). The 2D gels serve as reference maps in 2D gel analysis as well as tools for navigation of the database to switch be...

The identification of proteins separated by twodimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis is crucial to proteome projects aiming at characterization of all proteins expressed by a given organism or tissue in a given circumstance. The use of 2D gel electrophoresis in functional genomic research has proved to be an essential tool to understand the differential expression of protein isoforms. Structural...