The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) enhances innate immunity by inducing the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP). In monocytes/macrophages, this occurs primarily in response to activation of TLR, that induce expression of the vitamin D receptor and localized synthesis of 1,25(OH)(2)D from precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25OHD). To clarify the relationshi...

Chronic low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations are common in adults and are associated with numerous non-skeletal diseases. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) are located in the human cortex and hippocampus, which are key areas for cognition. The objective of this study was to systematically review all published data from the past 30 years which examined the association between serum 25OHD...

The prevalence of clinical vitamin D deficiency (rickets and osteomalacia) is high in many parts of the world, and there is a resurgence of rickets among children of ethnic minority groups in Europe and Australasia. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25OHD) is a useful risk marker of clinical vitamin D deficiency. This review summarizes the factors that contribute to differences in 25OHD...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency reportedly is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aim to examine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) has clinically significant influence on hemoglobin glycation (HbA1c) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in T2DM subjects. METHODS Present study was carried out in 912 subjects (429 T2DM cases and 483 non-diabetic controls) from Western India. The enrolled s...

CONTEXT Fluorosis is controlled by the duration of fluoride exposure and calcium and Vitamin D nutrition status. AIM To examine (a) prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis in adolescents from upper, middle, and lower socioeconomic strata (SES) and (b) association of fluorosis with calcium intake and Vitamin D status. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional study conducted in 10-13.9 years...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors for suboptimal vitamin D status in Korean adolescents and to assess its relationship with atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma at a national level. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Information regarding socioeconomic characteristics, clinical data and environme...

Although low vitamin D status resulting from night work is a suspected cause of various health disorders, few studies have investigated the association between night-shift work and vitamin D status. Here, we examined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in 19 Japanese indoor workers, including night-shift workers, in blood samples collected at the annual medical checkup (late July) in a met...

BACKGROUND A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels on non-skeletal outcomes. We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses (MAs) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation. METHODS AND FINDINGS We identified systematic reviews (SR)...

OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and neonatal vitamin D deficiency. We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of low-dose (LD) versus high-dose (HD) vitamin D supplementation to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism during pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND ME...

Background Vitamin D status in groups of northern indigenous people of Russia leading close to traditional (seminomadic reindeer herding), post-traditional (in settlements) or "modernized" (in towns) way of life was analysed. Design The survey study groups consisted of 178 Nenets and Komi aged 18-60 living in the Arctic (66-67°N). Urban Komi, Udmurts and Komi-Permiaks (n=150) living in a non-Ar...