Most studies on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS focus on such variables as GDP growth or income per capita. Early studies, incorporating the impact of HIV/AIDS in a one-sector neoclassical growth model, found that although the impact of HIV/AIDS on GDP growth is substantial, the impact on GDP per capita may well be small. Later studies refined this approach, for example by considering a larger ...

This paper investigates the determinants of corruption, and highlights its relation to the growth. The corruption index is taken from Transparency International. We used the more recent data set from 1995 to 2005. First part of the study is based on determinants of corruption. The empirical results indicate that real GDP per capita, secondary school enrolment, public spending on education, FDI,...

This paper analyzes urban population’s and affluence’s (GDP per capita’s) influence on environmental impact in developed and developing countries by taking as its starting point the STIRPAT framework. In addition to considering environmental impacts particularly influenced by population and affluence (carbon emissions from transport and residential electricity consumption), the paper determines...

The prosperity of a country, commonly measured in terms of its annual per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), has different relationships with population levels of body weight and happiness, as well as environmental impacts such as carbon emissions. The aim of this study was to examine these relationships and to try to find a level of GDP, which provides for sustainable economic activity, opti...

OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the impact of external price referencing (EPR) on on-patent medicine prices, adjusting for other factors that may affect price levels such as sales volume, exchange rates, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, total pharmaceutical expenditure (TPE), and size of the pharmaceutical industry. METHODS Price data of 14 on-patent products, in 14 European cou...

Abstract This paper examines factors affecting happiness using panel data concerning 58 countries during 2003-2011. Happiness data come in the form of answers to questions such as "How happy are you as a whole in your life?" and the answers range from 1 to 5transformed to obtain a 1-10 scale. Macroeconomics data are from MIT and World Bank 2012 tables. Including 215 total pool observations indi...

The primary risk-modifying factors for prostate cancer are still a matter of debate. This work proposes and examines the hypothesis that the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (ApoE4) allele and diet are important risk factors for prostate cancer. The hypothesis was evaluated in an ecological study involving 122 countries for which prostate cancer rates for 2002, ApoE4 allele prevalence, dietary supply ...

The process of sustainable economic development is reflected in the per capita gross domestic product (GDP capita). This study aims to determine effect health, education, investment and unemployment on GDP Indonesia. variables used are capita, average length schooling, life expectancy, foreign open rate. research motivated by inequality uses panel data regression method random model (REM). seco...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between levels of patriarchy and male health by comparing female homicide rates with male mortality within countries. HYPOTHESIS High levels of patriarchy in a society are associated with increased mortality among men. DESIGN Cross sectional ecological study design. SETTING 51 countries from four continents were represented in the data-America, Europe, Au...