abstract: advertisements are the most accessible type of authentic materials, and this is one reason why they are used more and more in english teaching classes. for this cause, studies in the field of advertisements are very widespread nowadays. for pun is one aspect which makes advertisements more interesting, it is used more than before in advertisements. use of puns makes an advertisement m...

august wilson is undoubtedly one of the rare black playwrights whose works have attracted streams of attention and worldwide audience. the present study aims at analyzing fences and piano lesson which are two of the most successful plays in his pittsburgh cycle from the perspective of michel foucault’s theories and ideas. studying these two plays from foucault’s perspective opens new windows in...

one very decisive factor in students’ academic destiny is the result they get at final term examinations. because of its importance, both students and teachers are curiously anxious about them. as normally it is the case, these final term tests are prepared hurriedly in short time by teachers which result in students’ dissatisfaction, complaining on how the test was different from their expecta...

with the introduction of communicative language teaching, a large number of studies have concerned with students’ oral participation in language classrooms. although the importance of classroom participation is evident, some language learners are unwilling to engage in oral activities. this passivity and unwillingness to participate in language classroom discussions is known as “reticence”. rev...

in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...

in this project, 4,4?-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethyl trimellitimidobenzene) as a diacid, was prepared by the reaction of trimellitic anhydride (tma) with 4,4?-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline) (mcdea). the novel poly(amide-imide) (pai) was synthesized from the reaction of 4,4?-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethyl trimellitimidobenzene) as a diacid with mcdea under green condition using ...

ویژگی های گراف مقسوم علیه صفر یک حلقه جابجایی و گونای آن را مورد بررسی قرار می دهیم. بویژه، تمام حلقه های جابجایی متناهی و یکدار که گراف مقسوم علیه صفر آنها دارای گونای یک است را مشخص کرده و رده بندی می نماییم. همچنین نشان می دهیم که برای یک عدد صحیح مثبت ثابت g، تعداد متناهی کلاس هم ارزی از حلقه هایی که گراف مقسوم علیه صفر آنها دارای گونای g است، وجود دارد. برای این منظور مقالات زیر را مورد م...