The use of fenfluramines can increase the risk of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in humans, but the mechanisms responsible are unresolved. A recent study reported that female mice lacking the gene for tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (Tph1(-/-) mice) were protected from PAH caused by chronic dexfenfluramine, suggesting a pivotal role for peripheral serotonin (5-HT) in the disease proc...

Estrogens have antiinflammatory actions and protect the brain from ischemic injury. Cerebral ischemia is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction that contributes to the tissue damage, an effect mediated in part by toxic amounts of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS). Therefore, estrogens may protect the female brain by modulating postischemic iNOS expressio...

Pyrogallol (CAS No. 87-66-1), a benzenetriol used historically as a hair dye and currently in a number of industrial applications, was nominated to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for testing based on the lack of toxicity and carcinogenicity data. Three-month and two-year toxicity studies to determine the toxicity and carcinogenicity of pyrogallol when applied to naïve skin (i.e. dermal a...

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is known to contribute the modulation of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation seen in obesity metabolic syndrome. The present study was performed investigate fertility competence TLR4 knock out male mice (TLR4 mice) on a high-fat diet (HFD), compared normal-chow (NCD). controls included wildtype (WT) fed HFD or NCD. Six-week-old were with either NCD for 20 we...

Chlorpyrifos, O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, is an organophosphate insecticide known to be present in human urine. In utero exposure to chlorpyrifos may cause long-term hormonal and behavior alterations. In this study mice were exposed to 0, 1 or 5mg/kg chlorpyrifos on gestational days 17-20. In utero exposed mice were then tested in a novel foraging behavior maze a...

The sensitivity of A/HeJ, AKR/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, C58/J, and DBA/2J male mice to single i.p. injections of 7,12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was investigated. The drug was administered in a single dose of 0.75 to 3 mg per mouse and animals were sacrificed 5-20 days after injection. The AKR mice were least affected by DMBA. Acute ]>eritoneal inflamma tion accompanied by accumulation of an e...

With the increase in bone metabolic diseases owing to aging of global population, interest functional food ingredients for improving health is increasing. This study aimed determine anti-osteoporosis effect Benincasa hispida extract (BHE, HR1901-W) and 2-furoic acid ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis female ICR mice. Thirty-five mice underwent OVX or sham operation were randomized into seve...

In the present study, the effects of pregnant NMRI mice restraint stress on the responsibility of their children to the behavioral properties of morphine, sulpiride and dextromethorphan were investigated in the F2 generation. Twenty four pregnant NMRI female mice (W: 25 g) were divided into the experimental and control groups (n = 12/group). Animals in the experimental group were kept in the r...