background: philosophical thinking is an activity that focuses on the mind, sensitivity, understanding and links between them. managers with philosophical thinking are able to make decisions for the entire organization. they make fewer errors and provide a balance between manpower and organization maintenance. such abilities can be influenced by demographic characteristics of the managers. the ...

Recent authors have suggested that Kierkegaard’s pseudonymous writings are fundamentally ironical, and that it is mistaken to see them as containing philosophical and theological claims. Rather, the point of these writings is to show that the really important theological and philosophical truths cannot be expressed. I argue that such interpreters are correct to see pervasive irony in Kierkegaar...

1. Introduction 2. What philosophical/methodological issues? 3. Philsophy of science and empirical modeling: Logical positivism/empiricism The downfall of logical positivism/empiricism The new experimentalism Learning from error 4. The Error-Statistical perspective: Statistical inference and its philosophical foundations Statistical Induction and its underlying reasoning Severe testing reasonin...

Few periods in the history of philosophy manifest the degree of dynamism and historical complexity that characterize early post-Kantian philosophy. The reasons for this special character of so-called " classical German philosophy " are no doubt themselves quite complex. Institutional and political circumstances certainly played an important role. The end of the eighteenth century marks a point ...

This paper summarizes the concept of subjective well-being, from ancient philosophical reflection to the first psychological, empirical research on the construct of positive psychology. The author examined the different conceptual definitions of subjective well-being throughout history as well as the dominant themes in the philosophical theories, concluded with some contemporary philosophical t...