Skeletal muscle loss or sarcopenia in aging has been suggested in cross-sectional studies but has not been shown in elderly subjects using appropriate measurement techniques combined with a longitudinal study design. Longitudinal skeletal muscle mass changes after age 60 yr were investigated in independently living, healthy men (n = 24) and women (n = 54; mean age 73 yr) with a mean +/- SD foll...

background osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease are common conditions in older adults, and often occur concurrently. bone disease is caused by increased bone turnover accompanying secondary hyperparathyroidism, and by factors such as bone metabolic disorder accompanying kidney disease and postmenopausal or age-related osteoporosis, even in hemodialysis patients. raloxifene is commonly used f...

There is still controversy about the auxological outcome of GnRH agonist treatment in patients with CPP and about the favorable age and auxological characteristics at start of treatment for achieving a normal final height (FH) or for preserving height potential. We analyzed the FH data of 52 young women from a prospective multicentric trial which was started in 1985. The aim of this analysis wa...

Mental stress elicits a robust and consistent forearm vasodilation, but vascular reactivity in the calf remains inconsistent. It has been reported that calf vascular responses to MS may be sex dependent. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is an important contributor to calf blood flow (CBF), yet the relations between sex, limb blood flow, and MSNA reactivity to mental stress have not been...

It is currently unknown whether sex differences exist in the cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. We hypothesized that the activation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex will lead to less of an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and less of a decrease in limb blood flow (Q̇L) in women compared with men. Twenty healthy men...

CONTEXT Recently, several studies have investigated the relationship between diabetes and hearing impairment, but results were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare the prevalence of hearing impairment between diabetic and nondiabetic adults. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic literature search using MEDLINE (1950 to May 30, 2011) and EMBASE (1974 to May 30, 2011). STUD...

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is stably maintained through the combined effects of blood pressure (BP) regulation and cerebral autoregulation. Previous studies suggest that aerobic exercise training improves cardiac baroreflex function and beneficially affects BP regulation, but may negatively affect cerebral autoregulation. The purpose of this study was to reveal the impact of lifelong exercise on...

background: diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. the number of diabetic patients in iran is estimated 1.5 million. this survey has been conducted to evaluate diabetes and impaired fasting glucose status among 25-64 aged inhabitants of 17th zone of tehran, selected as population lab region. methods: this study is a part of the cardiovascular risk factors survey in the p...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Abnormal endothelial function represents a preclinical marker of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to evaluate associations between anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, and early life factors and adult measures of endothelial function in a young urban Indian cohort free of clinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS Absolute changes in brachial artery diam...