46 Fetal nicotine exposure causes impaired adrenal catecholamine 47 secretion and increased neonatal mortality during acute 48 hypoxic challenges. Both effects are attributable to 49 upregulation of KATP channels and can be rescued by pre50 treatment with the blocker, glibenclamide. Though use of in 51 vitro models of primary and immortalized, fetal-derived rat 52 adrenomedullary chromaffin cel...

Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumors, leading to malignant behavior. During this process, HIF family members (HIFs) and the NF-κB pathway are activated. In addition, the hypoxia-associated factor (HAF) is reported to participate in the regulation of HIFs. However, the precise relationship among HIFs, HAF and the NF-κB pathway in bladder cancer (BC) remains unknown. In the current...

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α play an important role in liver fibrosis. von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL), a key mediator of HIF-α, regulates fibrosis in an organ- and cell-specific way. In this study, human liver samples were collected from hepatitis C-, alcoholic-, and cholestatic-associated fibrotic and healthy individuals. Two mouse models of liver fibrosis were established: bi...

The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs; isoforms HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α) mediate many responses to hypoxia. Their regulation is principally by oxygen-dependent degradation, which is initiated by hydroxylation of specific proline residues followed by binding of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein. Chuvash polycythemia is a disorder with elevated HIF. It arises through germline homozygosity for hypomorp...

Recently, a new syndrome of paraganglioma, somatostatinoma, and polycythemia has been discovered (known as Pacak-Zhuang syndrome). This new syndrome, with somatic HIF2A gain-of-function mutations, has never been reported in male patients. We describe a male patient with Pacak-Zhuang syndrome who carries a newly discovered HIF2A mutation. Congenital polycythemias have diverse etiologies, includi...

In this article, the author studies the regularity of 3D generalized Navier-Stokes (GNS) equations with fractional dissipative terms (−∆)αu. It is proved that if div(u/|u|) ∈ Lp(0, T ;Lq(R3)) with 2α p + 3 q ≤ 2α− 3 2 , 6 4α− 3 < q ≤ ∞. then any smooth on GNS in [0, T ) remains smooth on [0, T ].

and Applied Analysis 3 Our main result is the following theorem. Theorem 1.1. Suppose that F t, x satisfies assumptions (A) and 1.7 . Assume that lim sup r→ ∞ inf x∈RN,|x| r |x|−2α ∫T 0 F t, x dt ∞, 1.8 lim inf R→ ∞ sup x∈RN,|x| R |x|−2α ∫T 0 F t, x dt −∞. 1.9

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of 2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) on synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and F(2α) and expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) of adult and fetal bovine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. SAMPLE Primary cultures of endometrial epithelial cells obtained from 4 adult cows and 4 fetal bovine carcas...

The hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF) has been shown to coordinate the hypoxic response of vertebrates and is expressed in three different isoforms, HIF-1α, HIF-2α and HIF-3α. Knock down of either Hif-1α or Hif-2α in mice results in lethality in embryonic or perinatal stages, suggesting that this transcription factor is not only controlling the hypoxic response, but is also involved ...

Anti-angiogenesis has emerged as a standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, long-lasting efficacy is seldom reached, and evasive resistance eventually occurs under anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. To establish new therapeutic strategies, investigating the molecular mechanism of resistance is critically important. In our study, human umbilical vascul...