O ne-dimensional (1D) materials—from nanowires to carbon nanotubes to linear arrays of cold atoms—hold promise for applications in nanoelectronics, sensing, energy harvesting, and quantum information processing. They are also ideal for exploring fundamental quantum phenomena at the nanoscale. Their theoretical description relies on a model known as the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) [1], which...

Families of solitons in one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) Gross-Pitaevskii equations with the repulsive nonlinearity and a potential of the quasicrystallic type are constructed (in the 2D case, the potential corresponds to a fivefold optical lattice). Stable 1D solitons in the weak potential are explicitly found in three band gaps. These solitons are mobile, and they collide elastically. Man...

By means of a new variational method we report a direct solution for quintic and cubic-quintic nonlinear 1D Gross-Pitaeskii equations (GPE) in a harmonic confined potential. We explore the influence of the quintic nonlinear term on the ideal 1D pure cigar-like shape model for attractive and repulsive atom-atom interaction in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). Also, we offer a closed analytical ex...

– We study heat conduction in one dimensional (1D) anharmonic lattices analytically and numerically by using an effective phonon theory. It is found that every effective phonon mode oscillates quasi-periodically. By weighting the power spectrum of the total heat flux in the Debye formula, we obtain a unified formalism that can explain anomalous heat conduction in momentum conserved lattices wit...

We use an electron thermometer to measure the temperature rise of approximately 2 x 10(5) electrons in a two-dimensional box, due to heat flow into the box through a ballistic one-dimensional (1D) constriction. Using a simple model we deduce the thermal conductance kappa(Vg) of the 1D constriction, which we compare to its electrical conductance characteristics; for the first four 1D subbands th...

We provide an exposition of hypergraph models for parallelizing sparse matrix-vector multiplies. Our aim is to emphasize the expressive power of hypergraph models. First, we set forth an elementary hypergraph model for parallel matrix-vector multiply based on one-dimensional (1D) matrix partitioning. In the elementary model, the vertices represent the data of a matrix-vector multiply, and the n...

Using Bragg scattering as a sensitive probe, we study how atoms are cooled and localized after the sudden turn-on of 1D and 3D optical lattices. We measure the time evolution of the mean-square position spread of the atoms in the lattice potential wells, a quantity proportional to their effective temperature. The rate of exponential approach to equilibrium is proportional to the photon scatteri...

One dimensional quantum-dot superlattices (1D-QDSLs) consisting of acoustically mismatched materials are demonstrated theoretically to possess sub-1 W m−1 K−1 thermal conductivity in the 50–400 K range of temperatures. We consider coherent Si/Ge 1D-QDSLs, as well as model Si/plastic, Si/SiO2 and Si/SiC 1D-QDSLs. The phonon energy spectra and group velocities are obtained in the framework of the...

Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of seed plants are small groups of pluripotent cells responsible for making leaves, stems and flowers. While the primary SAM forms during embryogenesis, new SAMs, called axillary SAMs, develop later on the body of the plant and give rise to branches. In Arabidopsis plants, axillary SAMs develop in close association with the adaxial leaf base at the junction of the ...

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries provide high energy and power density energy storage for diverse applications ranging from cell phones to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). For efficient and reliable systems integration, low order dynamic battery models are needed. This paper introduces a general method to generate numerically a fully observable/controllable state variable model from electrochemic...