In this paper we examine how the di erences in modelling between di erent data driven systems performing the same NLP task can be exploited to yield a higher accuracy than the best indi vidual system We do this by means of an ex periment involving the task of morpho syntactic wordclass tagging Four well known tagger gen erators Hidden Markov Model Memory Based Transformation Rules and Maximum E...

Using a large firm-level dataset, this paper examines total factor productivity (TFP) and its determinants in China. Our preferred GMM estimation results indicate increasing returns to scale in most industries and a usually large positive trend representing technical change. Various firm characteristics such as age, ownership, political affiliation, export behavior, liquidity, and geographic lo...

a Department of Physics, University of Crete and Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece b Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile c Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0...

Many of the papers in this special issue are concerned with regulation and some with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). In this commentary, I will begin by summarizing the arguments for regulation that have been made in the literature.1 I will then consider whether these arguments apply to SOX. I will suggest that, rather than being based on sound principles, regulation often seems to be a consequen...

This article argues that it is doubtful that the fivefold increase in maximum fines under New Zealand’s Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Act 2002 will be successful in providing suitable precautionary incentives. Expected penalties remain at relatively low levels, with the continued use of capped fines along with substantial margins for deterrence of the most serious cases. On average,...

Can the President refuse to enforce a law he deems unconstitutional? Take the Affordable Care Act. The Supreme Court upheld the provision in the Act mandating that individuals purchase health insurance, but leading Republicans continue to press the view that the law is unconstitutional. Suppose one such Republican captures the presidency in 2016. His first act in office is to recommend legislat...

Current scholarship has not addressed the systemic problems that occur in the process of implementing healthcare reform, tending instead to focus on proposing single reform measures to cure specific problems or on constitutional problems related to the Affordable Care Act. 1 To address that gap, this article carefully analyzes a case study of Medicare‘s efforts to control unnecessary hospital a...

In order to know if new electronic voting systems truly represent a gain in usability, it is necessary to have information about the usability of more traditional voting methods. The usability of three different voting methods was evaluated using the metrics recommended by the National Institute of Standards and Technology: efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. Participants voted with tw...

Policy shocks affect the rent distribution in long-term contracts, which can lead to such contracts being renegotiated. We seek an understanding of what aspects of contract design, in the face of a substantial policy shock, affect the propensity to renegotiate. We test our hypotheses using data on U.S. coal contracts after the policy shock of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Contracts are div...

Courcol RJ. First isolation of Clostridium amygdalinum from a patient with chronic osteitis. Post traumatic bone and/or joint limb infections due to Clostridium spp. Pre-emptive treatment for Clostridium tet-ani: importance of early recognition and treatment in the community. BMJ Case et al. An unusual case of chronic relapsing tetanus associated with mandibular osteomyelitis. To the Editor: Al...