In the post-White Mountain period, and even more after Thirty Years’ War, Czech kings of Habsburg family ruled mainly from Vienna, which became their permanent predominant city residence reign Leopold I at latest. Gradually, frequency visits to Bohemian lands diminished. Chief among these were occasional journeys that Habsburgs undertook, whose route usually copied imperial highways. One most i...

The article presents the results from the project of the thematic Digital Library of Polish and Poland-related Ephemeral Prints from the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries, intending to preserve the unique multilingual material, make it available for education and extend it with the joint efforts of historians, philologists, librarians and computer scientists. The paper also puts forward the idea of...

The historical perspective here presented provides background for current research in neurophysiology and psychology. This reviewer is not competent to judge the adequacy or the accuracy of this background. It may well be the best that is now available in English. Soviet psychologists are at work on the history of Russian psychology. S. L. Rubenstein has published a volume on the life and works...

Each generation of physicians believes the problems they face are unique. History shows that very few situations are new to medicine. Some appear to have been around for centuries (medical institutions' "cherry-picking" of patients, third-party interference in medical care), while others have been around for millennia (competition among physicians, competition between physicians and nonphysicia...

The science of vaccinology was created in the late 18th and 19th centuries by "giants" of the time including Jenner, Pasteur, Koch, von Behring, Ehrlich and Lister. Relatively little technologic advance was made in the period leading to World War II except for yellow fever and influenza vaccines. Support for war efforts fueled developments which led to the modern era of vaccines of 1950 onwards...