evaporation, as a major component of the hydrologic cycle, plays a key role in water resources development and management in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. although there are empirical formulas available, their performances are not all satisfactory due to the complicated nature of the evaporation process and the data availability. this paper explores evaporation estimation methods based o...

Abstract. The topic of evaporation estimates is fundamental to land-surface hydrology. In this study, FAO-56 Penman–Monteith equation (FAO56–PM), multiple stepwise regression (MLR), and Kohonen self-organising map (K–SOM) techniques were used for the estimation daily pan (Ep) in three treatments, where C was standard class A with top water, S a sediment covered bottom, SM containing submerged m...

the water deficit is the most important limiting non-biological factor to achieve the potential yield of crops. to evaluate the effect of silicon application on yield of millet under drought stress in field an experimental was carried out. treatments were included three irrigation regimes after 60 (non-stress), 90 (moderate stress) and 120 (severe stress) mm evaporation from evaporation pan, cl...

Evaporation is an important parameter for many projects related to hydrology and water resources systems. This paper constitutes the first study conducted in Kuwait to obtain empirical relations for the estimation of daily and monthly pan evaporation as functions of available meteorological data of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The data used here for the modeling are daily mea...

The influence of the orientation angles of the target nucleus symmetry axis relative to the beam direction on the production of the evaporation residues is investigated for the Ca+Sm reaction as a function of the beam energy. At low energies (Ec.m. <137 MeV), the yield of evaporation residues is observed only for collisions with small orientation angles (αT < 45 ). At large energies (about Ec.m...

this experiment was conducted to evaluate eight new sugar beet genotypes with different drought tolerance responses to three irrigation schemes (including normal irrigation and early season and continuous stressed) in motahari research station of sugar beet seed institute (sbsi),karaj,iranduring 2005-2006. the study was accomplished in a split plot design (irrigation schemes and genotypes as ma...