Beginning in the mid-1980s, the phenomenon of capital flight from developing countries received considerable attention in the economics literature. Capital flight destroys the domestic macroeconomic environment and decreases transparency and accountability. It restricts financial resources when a country is looking for economic growth and development. The purpose of this article is to measure t...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of oil, natural gas and coal consumption in Iran’s economic growth during the periods from 1980 to 2012. The stationary analysis is performed by using ADF and Phillips-Perron unit root test and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was used to test for co-integration between the variables. The findings show that the variables are co...

Export increases the total demand in society, which turn level of income and more through multiplier. This study investigates from an empirical point view determinants affecting Sudan’s exports during period (1977- 2018). The purpose was to identify interrelation between variables findings can be used for development economy. data obtained annual time series World Bank; input into Auto regressi...

The main objective of this paper is to examine the key determinants public debt in Gambia. To achieve objective, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARD) method was employed impact short-run and long-run selected macroeconomic variables as well a government effectiveness variable determining level Gambia during period 2000 2019. results reveal that trade openness gross fixed capital formation have ...

Abstract This study aims at examining the extent to which exchange rate impacts on balance of payments in Algeria (BoP) during period 1980-2019, using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Error Correction Model (ECM). approach tests presence a long-run relationship between variables.A set relevant variables, addition rate, were used include real interest oil price, GDP per capita, G...