A correlation equation for the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the aerosol emitted by solution metered dose inhalers (MDIs) is presented. A content equivalent diameter is defined and used to describe aerosols generated by evaporating metered dose inhaler sprays. A large set of cascade impaction data is analyzed, and the MMAD and geometric standard deviation is calculated for each dat...

The Hong Kong Observatory’s nowcasting system SWIRLS (Short-range Warning of Intense Rainstorms in Localized Systems) has undergone a major upgrade to version 2 in 2010 with new and refined prediction algorithms, expanded warning support, as well as new weather services for the public. There are several special versions of SWIRLS that supported the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the 2010 Shanghai ...

In the last years, environmental concerns such as the destruction of the ozone layer and global warming led to the demand of tighter air conditioning (AC) systems. The compressor has been identified as the most emissive component of the AC system. Due to its complex structure and sealing mechanism, the shaft seal is the leak-prone part. This paper presents an experimental study of several lip s...

Evaporative heat transfer coefficients of R~22 and R-407C (R-32/125/134a, 23/25/52 wt%) in a horizontal smooth tube have been measured. Heat was transferred to theJefrigerant at the test section by applying electric current directly to the stainless steel tube. Saturation temperature of refrigerant was calculated from the measured pressure. The inner wall temperatures were calculated by one dim...

There currently exists a large number (millions) of automobiles with air conditioning systems designed to use CFC-12 as the refrigerant along with plans to produce ~uch systems into the 1992-1995 time frame. During the 1992-1995 period, new production will transition to HFC-134a refrigerant based systems or other technologleS which offer zero or llttle ozone depletion. CFC-12 based systems will...