Pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification are two major upstream processes that affect the economic feasibility and sustainability of lignocellulosic biofuel production. Cellulase-inhibiting degradation products, generated during dilute acid pretreatment, increase enzyme usage, and therefore, it is essential to mitigate their production. In an attempt to elucidate the most deleterious degrada...

The strawberry cultivars Arosa, Clery, Miss, Raurica, Queen Elisa, Diamante and Madeleine grown in Slovenia were harvested at the commercially maturity stage and the content of total ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) was determined. Ascorbic acid (AA) was measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detector. The total AA content of cultivars ranged f...

Given a plane graph G, we wish to nd a drawing of G in the plane such that the vertices of G are represented as grid points, and the edges are represented as straight-line segments between their endpoints without any edge-intersection. Such drawings are called planar straight-line drawings of G. An additional objective is to minimize the area of the rectangular grid in which G is drawn. In this...

Two seemingly unrelated experimental treatments inhibit receptor mediated endocytosis: (a) depletion of intracellular K+ (Larkin, J. M., M. S. Brown, J. L. Goldstein, and R. G. W. Anderson. 1983. Cell. 33:273-285); and (b) treatment with hypertonic media (Daukas, G., and S. H. Zigmond. 1985. J. Cell Biol. 101:1673-1679). Since the former inhibits the formation of clathrin-coated pits (Larkin, J...

To the Editor: Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered organ-specific, and few circumstances other than heart muscle injury produce false increases in plasma. We encountered unexpectedly high cTnI in a two-site, enzyme-linked immunoassay using poly-clonal goat antibody (1) when by mistake, two visually clear but grossly hemolyzed samples from one patient were not rejected by the laboratory. Hem...

Low-temperature adaptation and cryoprotection were studied in the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis MG1363. An approximately 100-fold increased survival after freezing was observed when cells were shocked to 10 degrees C for 4 h compared to mid-exponential-phase cells grown at 30 degrees C, indicating an active protection against freezing. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis a grou...

The technique of monolayer freeze-fracture autoradiography (MONOFARG) has been developed and the principles, quantitation, and application of the method are described. Cell monolayers attached to polylysine-treated glass were freeze-fractured, shadowed, and coated with dry, Parlodion-supported Ilford L4 photographic emulsion at room temperature. Quantitative aspects of MONOFARG were examined us...

The conductance of solutions of penicillin salts is a governing factor in iontophoretic treatment of infections with this antibiotic. In contrast to the experiments of von Sallmann and Meyer (1) showing an increased transport of penicillin to the aqueous humor of rabbit eyes under a D.C. potential of 45 volts, Hamilton-Paterson (2) states that “penicillin appears to be either a very poor conduc...

In this work, oven-dried, freeze-dried and spray-dried agaro-oligosaccharide powders were characterized to investigate their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Agarooligosaccharide powders were shown to exhibit high water solubility index (88.73 – 95.88%), water absorption capacity (0.96 – 2.57 g/g) and oil absorption capacity (0.40 – 0.45 g/g). Agarooligosaccharide powders were shown ...

We used mRNA differential display to assess yeast gene expression under cold or freeze shock stress conditions. We found both up- and down-regulation of genes, although repression was more common. We identified and sequenced several cold-induced genes exhibiting the largest differences. We confirmed, by Northern blotting, the specificity of the response for TPI1, which encodes triose-phosphate ...