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The electromyographic activity of the paraspinal muscles at four levels were examined to investigate the effects of chair sitting on muscle activation patterns and muscle fatigue. The Balans, Nada-Chair Back Up, and Standard Office Chair were studied. Twenty four subjects were asked to engage in a seated writing task for 10 minutes for each of three chairs. Prior to the first writing period and...

We investigated the acute and chronic effects of low-intensity concentric or eccentric resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle size and strength. Ten young men performed 30% of concentric one repetition maximal dumbbell curl exercise (four sets, total 75 reps) 3 days/week for 6 weeks. One arm was randomly chosen for concentric BFR (CON-BFR) exercise only and the other ar...

Different locomotor tasks, such as moving up or down grades or changing speed, require that muscles adjust the amount of work they perform to raise or lower, accelerate or decelerate the animal's center of mass. During level trotting in the horse, the triceps had shortening strains of around 10.6% while the vastus shortened 8.1% during the stance phase. Because of the 250% increase in metabolic...

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PURPOSE Previous studies report that static stretching (SS) impairs running economy. Assuming that pacing strategy relies on rate of energy use, this study aimed to determine whether SS would modify pacing strategy and performance in a 3-km running time-trial. METHODS Eleven recreational distance runners performed a) a constant-speed running test without previous SS and a maximal incremental ...

The EMG signal indicates the electrophysiological response to daily living of activities, particularly to lower-limb knee exercises. Literature reports have shown numerous benefits of the Wavelet analysis in EMG feature extraction for pattern recognition. However, its application to typical knee exercises when using only a single EMG channel is limited. In this study, three types of knee exerci...

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TO THE EDITOR: The recent study of Amann et al. (1) adds further to the debate over the roles of central command, also known as feed forward, and activation of thin-fiber muscle afferents, or feedback, in controlling human ventilation during dynamic exercise. They report that following intrathecal fentanyl infusion into the lumbar spine a reduction in the ventilatory response to leg cycle exerc...