Type 1 diabetes is the result of destruction of the insulin-secreting beta-cells of the pancreas by a process in which T-cells play a central role. A tyrosine phosphatase-like protein, IA-2, is a major target for autoantibodies and T-cells in the disease. In this study, we have further characterized the T-cell response to IA-2 by the generation and characterization of T-cell lines. T-cell lines...

Leupeptin and similar peptide argininal (arginine aldehyde) transition-state analog protease inhibitors exist in three covalent forms in aqueous solution, the leupeptin hydrate (IH), a cyclic carbinolamine form (IC) generated by the addition of the guanidino epsilon N to the aldehydic carbon, and the free aldehyde form (IA). 1H NMR in D2O show their equilibrium concentrations to be 42, 56, and ...

The axisymmetric damage model (ADM) is one of four micromechanical stress field models developed and maintained by N. J. Pagano's group at the AFRL Materials Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB. These models serve to establish rigorous field theories to compute accurate stresses and energy release rates for fracture mechanics problems in composite bodies. In turn, these solutions, coupled with ex...

A sample of 109 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with recession velocity . 30,000 km s, is compiled from published SNe Ia light curves to explore the expansion rate of the local Universe. Based on the color parameter ∆C12 and the decline rate ∆m15, we found that the average absorption to reddening ratio for SN Ia host galaxies to be RUBV I = 4.37±0.25, 3.33±0.11, 2.30±0.11, 1.18±0.11, which are syst...

We use a sample of 42 supernovae detected with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on-board the Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey to measure the rate of core collapse supernovae to z ∼ 0.7 and type Ia supernovae to z ∼ 1.6. This significantly increases the redshift range where supernova rates have been estimated from observations. The rate of core collaps...

Intra-amniotic (IA) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in sheep induces inflammation in the fetus. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) moderate the effect of IA LPS on fetal development, but their influence on the acute inflammatory response to IA LPS is unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of hAECs on the acute fetal inflammatory response to IA LPS. After surgical instrumentation at 11...

Opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not constitute policy of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In this paper we present estimates of components of variance of price change for cereal for several publication areas. Components of variance for 1-, 6-, and 12-month lags were computed using a weighted restricted maximum likelihood estimation method. Estimates are contraste...

Axion-like particles (ALPs) are hypothetical bosons which may couple with photons. Since many ALPs can be emitted from hot and dense astrophysical plasma, nearby supernovae (SNe) a possible probe into their properties including the ALP mass m_a coupling constant g_{ag} between I calculated emission type Ia SN (SN Ia) model near-Chandrasekhar mass. It is found that luminosity SNe reaches ~10^43(...

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are not perfectly homogeneous. There are peculiar ones: SN 1991T-like (overluminous), SN 1986G-like (subluminous), and SN 1991bg-like (very subluminous) objects. Figure 1 shows a comparison of the spectra of peculiar SNe Ia with that of a relatively normal SN Ia, SN 1994D. The peculiarity rate, however, is not well established. An estimate (less than 10%) by Branch e...