Epitaxially oriented wafer-scale graphene grown directly on semiconducting Ge substrates is of high interest for both fundamental science and electronic device applications. To date, however, this material system remains relatively unexplored structurally and electronically, particularly at the atomic scale. To further understand the nature of the interface between graphene and Ge, we utilize u...

There is little standardization of how to measure cycling gross efficiency (GE). Therefore, the purposes of these studies were to evaluate the effect of: i) stage duration, ii) relative exercise intensity, iii) work capacity and iv) a prior maximal incremental test on GE. Trained subjects (n=28) performed incremental tests with stage durations of 1-, 3-, and 6-min to establish the effect of sta...

The formation of nano-islands on both a Ge(111)-c(2 × 8) surface and an Ag/Ge(111)-(√3 × √3) surface evaporated with 0.1 ML Ni was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We have noticed that at temperatures lower than 670 K, the reaction between Ni and the individual substrate surfaces proceeds to form different structures: flat-topped islands with a 2√7 × 2√7 or a 3 × 3 reconstru...

We have fabricated and characterized the first resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) germanium photodetectors on double silicon-on-insulator substrates (Ge/DSOI) for operation around the 1550 nm communication wavelength. The Ge layer is grown through a novel two-step UHV/CVD process, while the underlying double-SOI substrate is formed through an ion-cut process. Absorption measurements of an undoped G...

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein heterodimer gE/gI plays an important role in virus cell-to-cell spread in epithelial and neuronal tissues. In an analogous fashion, gE/gI promotes virus spread between certain cell types in culture, e.g., keratinocytes and epithelial cells, cells that are polarized or that form extensive cell junctions. One mechanism by which gE/gI facilitates cell-to...

We devise a new algorithm to obtain the pair-connectedness function Per) for continuumpercolation models from computer simulations. It is shown to converge rapidly to the infinitesystem limit, even near the percolation threshold, thus providing accurate estimates of Per) for a wide range of densities. We specifically consider an interpenetrable-particle model (referred to as the penetrable-conc...

We study a model for an argon-like fluid parameterised in terms of a hard-core repulsion and a two-Yukawa potential. The liquid-gas phase behaviour of the model is obtained from the thermodynamically self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation (SCOZA) of Høye and Stell, the solution of which lends itself particularly well to a pair potential of this form. The predictions for the critical poi...

The Casimir energy for a compact dielectric sphere is considered in a novel way, using the quantum statistical method introduced by Høye-Stell and others. Dilute media are assumed. It turns out that this method is a very powerful one: we are actually able to derive an expression for the Casimir energy that contains also the negative part resulting from the attractive van der Waals forces betwee...

Computer-simulation results are reported for the porosity of a model of two-phase random media composed of identical D-dimensional spheres (D = 2 or 3) distributed with an arbitrary degree of impenetrability A., 0<,1 < 1; A. = 0 corresponding to randomly centered or "fully penetrable" particles and A. = 1 corresponding to totally impenetrable particles. We specifically consider the D-dimensiona...

Locus of control is said to affect learners' academic achievement. This effect has scarcely been examined within general English context. This study is concerned with examining the differences in General English (GE) course achievement among university students of humanities, sciences, and engineering. It also explores the effect of locus of control (LOC) in GE course achievement among these th...