Flowering is triggered by the transmission of a mobile protein, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), from leaves to the shoot apex. FT originates in the phloem of leaf veins. However, the identity of the FT-synthesizing cells in the phloem is not known. As a result, it has not been possible to determine whether the complex regulatory networks that control FT synthesis involve intercellular communication, as...

Aim of the study Was to evaluate liver disease severity in children with chronic viral hepatitis using the FibroTest and ActiTest (FT/AT), and compare the results with the liver biopsy. Material and methods The study included 11 treatment-naïve children [mean age, 9.0 ± 3.0 years, 10 infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and 1 with hepatitis B virus (HBV)] who underwent an FT/AT. Ten of the ...

The Arabidopsis genes FT and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) encode related proteins with similarity to human Raf kinase inhibitor protein. FT, and likely also TFL1, is recruited to the promoters of floral genes through interaction with FD, a bZIP transcription factor. FT, however, induces flowering, while TFL1 represses flowering. Residues responsible for the opposite activities of FT and TFL1 were ma...

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) proteins share highly conserved amino acid residues but they play opposite regulatory roles in promoting and repressing the flowering response, respectively. Previous substitution models and functional analysis have identified several key amino acid residues which are critical for the promotion of flowering. However, the precise relationship be...

The giant Drosophila protocadherin Fat (Ft) affects planar cell polarity (PCP). Ft also inhibits the overgrowth of imaginal discs via the Hippo pathway, repressing the activity of the transcription co-factor Yorkie (Yki). Much of Ft activity is likely to be mediated by its intracellular domain (Ft ICD). However, the links between the Ft ICD and either PCP or Hippo activity are poorly understood...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations of preoperative total prostate specific antigen (PSA) to free testosterone (FT), the PSA/FT index ratio, with features of pathology prostate cancer (PCA) and to investigate its prognostic potential in clustering the PCA population. PATIENTS AND METHODS After excluding criteria, the records of 220 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) were retros...

was added to the well, and the lumi-nescence was measured (ALOKA lu-minometer). The IgG fraction of serum samples from the patient and from five control individuals was purified with a MAbTrap TM Kit (Amer-sham Biosciences), and the IgG concentration was adjusted to 4.0 g/L. The purified IgG (0.08 mL) was incu-bated at 4 °C for 24 h with 0.08 mL of PBS alone or with T 2 , T 3 , or T 4 (Sig-ma; ...

Signals produced in leaves are transported to the shoot apex where they cause flowering. Protein of the gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is probably a long day (LD) signal in Arabidopsis. In the companion paper, rapid LD increases in FT expression associated with flowering driven photosynthetically in red light were documented. In a far red (FR)-rich LD, along with FT there was a potential role for ...

Let t=t1t2⋯ be an element of the full shift with map τ on a finite alphabet symbols A and let Σ=closure{τi(t):i∈N∪{0}}. ft=ft1,∞=⋯∘ft2∘ft1 non-autonomous system over compact metric space X where ti∈A. The set Ft+={fτi(t):i∈N} is called shifted family ft. If t transitive in AN, then Ft+‾ classical IFS; otherwise, Σ subshift Ft+‾={fσ=fσ1,∞:σ∈Σ} “generalized” IFS. We show that if ft has some shado...