سابقه و هدف: کلیه ­ی اشخاص، اعم از حقیقی یا حقوقی مسئولیت حفاظت محیطزیست را برعهده دارند. اشخاص به این معنی است که فرد ملزم خساراتی دیگری وارد کرده جبران کند در حقوق امر قانونی یاد می‌شود. مقاله تحلیل چگونگی ارتباط مدنی محیط‌زیستی اجتماعی پرداخته شده محیط‌زیستی، یک ساختار سه‌گانۀ یکپارچه مورد بحث بررسی قرار گرفته است.مواد روش‌ها: تحقیق کیفی روش محتوا استفاده است؛ بدین شرح میان منابع داخلی بین‌ا...

This study presents a finding an optimal location and best parameter setting of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) by Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) for minimizing the active and reactive power loss in power system. The UPFC is one of the important Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device that control simultaneously voltage magnitude at the sending end...

Transmission pricing is an important issue in view of increased deregulation. Purpose of pricing is to recover cost of transmission encourage efficient use and investment. Wheeling charges for power transmission can be reduced by FACTS devices as they are effective means of controlling the power flow in the network. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) integrates properties of both shunt an...

In this article is proposed a Centralized Sliding Mode Control (CSMC) applied to a UPFC device for controlling power flow and enhancing power system stability. First, we establish a state-space dynamic model of UPFC based on Kirchhoff’s equations and (d-q) transformation. This model includes the two voltage source inverters and the DC bus voltage link. Furthermore, in order to cancel the effect...

This paper presents a particle swarmoptimization (PSO) based algorithm to perform congestionmanagement by properplacement and sizing of one unified power flow controller (UPFC). The proposed approach makes use of the PSOalgorithm to allocate the near-optimal GenCos as well as the optimal location and size of UPFC whereas the Newton–Raphson solution minimizes the mismatch of the power flow equat...

The growth in the demand of electrical energy is leading to load on the Power system which increases the occurrence of frequent oscillations in the system. The reason for the oscillations is due to the lack of damping torque which is required to dominate the disturbances of Power system. By using FACT devices, such as Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) can control power flow, reduce sub-synch...