The ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) protein is an intrinsic part of the cell cycle machinery that surveys genomic integrity and responses to genotoxic insult. Individuals with ataxia telangiectasia as well as Atm(-/-) mice are predisposed to cancer and are infertile due to spermatogenesis disruption during first meiotic prophase. Atm(-/-) spermatocytes frequently display aberrant synapsis an...

The role of homozygous ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mutations in familial and sporadic forms of cancer is well established, but the contribution of ATM heterozygosity to mammary gland and other cancers has been controversial. To test the effect of Atm heterozygosity on mammary gland cancer, mice with complete loss of exon 11 of Brca1 specifically in mammary epithelium (Brca1-MG-Deltaex11...

The cancer-prone neurodegenerative disorder, ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), results from mutations of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated). Individuals with A-T are also hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). Cultured cells from A-T individuals or Atm-/- mice have cell cycle and growth defects and are generally considered radiosensitive. However, it has been shown recently that cell population...

Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM) is a 350-kDa protein whose function is defective in the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies were used to characterize ATM. Steady-state levels of ATM protein varied from undetectable in most AT cell lines to highly expressed in HeLa, U2OS, and normal human fibroblasts. Subcellular fractionation...

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has become one of the leading high-speed networking technologies in the local and wide area environments. ATM offers great promise to meet the real-time requirements of emerging multimedia applications. In the last few years, many ATM networks have been deployed and use different types of ATM switches, many of which differ in their implementations. In this paper...

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is accepted as the suitable technique to realize the concept of Broadband Integrated Service Digital Networks which support diierent kinds of services such as voice, video and data in the future. However, from the economic point of view the new ATM technology has to inter-work with other existing network technologies such as TCP/IP in which the worldwide compute...

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) signaling is essential for the repair of a subset of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs); however, its precise role is unclear. Here, we show that < or =25% of DSBs require ATM signaling for repair, and this percentage correlates with increased chromatin but not damage complexity. Importantly, we demonstrate that heterochromatic DSBs are generally repaired more s...

A very early step in the response of mammalian cells to DNA double-strand breaks is the phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 at the sites of DNA damage. Although the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase), ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), and ATR (ATM and Rad3-related), have all been implicated in H2AX phosphorylation, the specific kinase involved has...

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) plays a central role in the DNA damage response (DDR) and mutations in its gene lead to the development of a rare autosomic genetic disorder, ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) characterized by neurodegeneration, premature aging, defects in the immune response, and higher incidence of lymphoma development. The ability of ATM to control genome stability severa...

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is a cell-oriented switching and multiplexing technology that uses fixed-length (53 byte; 48 bytes of data, and 5 bytes of header information) packets — called cells — to carry various types of traffic, such as data, voice, video, multimedia, and so on, through multiple classes of services. ATM is a 1 connection-oriented technology, in which a connection is esta...