Article history: Received 28 January 2013 Received in revised form 20 August 2013 Accepted 10 April 2014 Available online 23 April 2014

The “richness” of properties that are indistinguishable from first-order properties is investigated. Indistinguishability is a concept of equivalence among properties of combinatorial structures that is appropriate in the context of testability. All formulas in a restricted class of second-order logic are shown to be indistinguishable from first-order formulas. Arbitrarily hard properties, incl...

Effective targeted drug delivery has been a long-held ambition but they are restricted in their utility due to several major drawbacks. The advent of nanotechnology lead to invention of many dosage forms, to circumvent the above limitations, a practical approach has been developed for the formation of discrete functionalized particles, which have been termed as ‘nanosponges’. Nanosponges are ti...

INTRODUCTION Atmospheric aerosols have wide-ranging impacts in the global environment. They affect the radiation budget of the earth directly through absorption and scattering of radiation, and indirectly through their role in cloud formation (Charlson et al. 1992; Haywood and Boucher 2000; Ramanathan et al.

The present study investigated the validity of the dimensions of the Pay Satisfaction Ouestionnaire (PSQ), in particular the degree to which the dimensions of the PSQ were differentially predicted by a number of antecedents. A series of tests supported dimensionality of the PSO. Perhaps more importantly, a theoretical model was hypothesized and tested which was based on the assumption that diff...

It's commendable that you?re committed to using protection! You ask two very good questions. First, who puts it on? That's completely up to you and your partner and either of you can take the lead on this one. Some people prefer to put the condom on themselves, while others find it sexy and enjoyable when their partners do it for them. This action can be incorporated into foreplay and is loaded...

A quasi-passive leg exoskeleton is presented for load-carrying augmentation during walking. The exoskeleton has no actuators, only ankle and hip springs and a knee variabledamper. Without a payload, the exoskeleton weighs 11.7 kg and requires only 2 Watts of electrical power during loaded walking. For a 36 kg payload, we demonstrate that the quasi-passive exoskeleton transfers on average 80% of...

End-to-end integrity for documents is provided by wrapping the tools that manipulate those documents and mediating their operation to cryptographically integrity mark those documents as they are being saved, to check those cryptographic integrity marks as those documents are loaded, and to record an application-level history of the changes to the document. Corrupted documents (those failing to ...