When studying a forest disease, understanding the phenological relationship of host tree and its pathogens is essential for identifying optimal management strategies to help prevent future spread disease. Since beech leaf disease (BLD) recently discovered information about general epidemiology symptom phenology largely unavailable. This study sought answer questions related progression by condu...

Enzootic pneumonia (EP) is responsible for considerable economic losses in pig production. This study analyses temporal variations of pneumonic lesions present in slaughtered finishing pigs utilising a novel analytical tool - STL decomposition. Using data collected over a 6-year period starting in July 2005, time-series analyses were conducted to identify trend and the presence of seasonal vari...

Vertical seed dispersal, which plays a key role in plant escape and/or expansion under climate change, was recently evaluated for the first time using negative correlation between altitudes and oxygen isotope ratio of seeds. Although this method is innovative, its applicability to other plants is unknown. To explore the applicability of the method, we regressed altitudes on δ18O of seeds of fiv...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the first-wave epidemiologic features of influenza-like illness (ILI) associated with the novel pandemic A/H1N1 [A(H1N1)pdm09] virus. METHODS We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to assess risk factors and non-parametric and/or parametric distributions to estimate attack rates, secondary attack rates (SAR), duration of illness, and serial interval during a ...

Many variables that are of interest in social science research are nominal variables with two or more categories, such as employment status, occupation, political preference, or self-reported health status. With longitudinal survey data it is possible to analyse the transitions of individuals between different employment states or occupations (for example). In the statistical literature, models...

هدف: از چالش­های عمده بشریت افزایش افسردگی و اختلال عملکرد جنسی ناشی داروهای ضدافسردگی است. با توجه به نقش سلول­های سرتولی در اسپرماتوژنز، پژوهش حاضر، اثر داروی دولوکستین را بر زنده­مانی، آپوپتوزیس بیان ژن­های Bax و­ (Connexin 43) Cx43 بررسی کرده مواد روش‌‌ها: TM4 محیط DMEM/F12 حاوی %5/2 FBS، 5% سرم اسب %1 پنی سیلین-استرپتومایسین کشت شدند. دوزهای 30،60، 15، 5/7، 75/3 میکرو­گرم/ میلی­لیتر زمان­ه...

• A statistical approach to adjust for variation in ambient environmental conditions coastal fish indicators is proposed. Adjusting condition reduce uncertainty ecological focus. The had however low impact on the status assessments each area. generic monitoring Baltic Sea and can be applied other areas. application of indictors assessing ecosystems play an important role effective management. H...

The time of flowering is key to understanding the development grapevines. Flowering coincides with inflorescence initiation and fruit set, important determinants yield. This research aimed determine between within-vine variability in 4-cane-pruned Sauvignon blanc number per shoot, flowers progression using an objective method assessing via image capture statistical analysis a Bayesian modelling...