Early in Drosophila embryogenesis, transcriptional repressors encoded by Gap genes prevent the expression of particular combinations of Hox genes in each segment. During subsequent development, those Hox genes that were initially repressed in each segment remain off in all the descendent cells, even though the Gap repressors are no longer present. This phenomenon of heritable silencing depends ...

In leukemogenesis, several genetic changes conferring a proliferative and/or survival advantage to hematopoietic progenitor cells in addition to a block in differentiation are required. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the wild-type (wt) Flt3 receptor tyrosine kinase collaborates with NUP98-HOX fusions (NUP98-HOXA10 and NUP98-HOXD13) to induce aggressive acute myeloid leukemia (AML)....

In this study we have examined the expression of murine Hox homeobox containing genes by in situ hybridisation in the branchial region of the head. Genes from the Hox complexes display segmentally restricted domains of expression in the developing hindbrain, which are correlated with similar restricted domains in the neural crest and surface ectoderm of the branchial arches. Comparison of relat...

Hox gene products are key players in establishing positional identity along the anteroposterior (AP) axis. In vertebrates, gain or loss of Hox expression along the AP axis often leads to inappropriate morphogenesis, typically manifesting as homeotic transformations that affect the vertebrae and/or hindbrain. Various signalling pathways are known to impact on Hox expression, including the retino...

BACKGROUND Hox genes were critical to many morphological innovations of bilaterian animals. However, early Hox evolution remains obscure. Phylogenetic, developmental, and genomic analyses on the cnidarian sea anemone Nematostella vectensis challenge recent claims that the Hox code is a bilaterian invention and that no "true" Hox genes exist in the phylum Cnidaria. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDIN...

In vertebrates, the paraxial mesoderm already exhibits a complex Hox gene pattern by the time that segmentation occurs and somites are formed. The anterior boundaries of the Hox genes are always maintained at the same somite number, suggesting coordination between somite formation and Hox expression. To study this interaction, we used morpholinos to knockdown either the somitogenesis gene X-Del...

Homeobox proteins comprise a major class of transcription factors, which have been implicated in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Notable in this context is the homeobox gene HOX-B8 (formerly known as HOX-2.4), which was shown to cooperate with hematokines to induce leukemia, and to enhance self-renewal of immature myeloid progenitors when expressed alone. How HOX-B8 may affect lineage ...

Members of the Hox family of homeoproteins and their cofactors play a central role in pattern formation of all germ layers. During postembryonic development of C. elegans, non-gonadal mesoderm arises from a single mesoblast cell M. Starting in the first larval stage, M divides to produce 14 striated muscles, 16 non-striated muscles, and two non-muscle cells (coelomocytes). We investigated the r...

هدف: کارآفرینی یکی از عوامل کلیدی در توسعه اقتصادی و شاخص اساسی جوامع روبه‌رشد است. آنچه که کارآفرین را به آغاز فعالیت ترغیب می‌کند، انگیزه فرایند تبدیل یک فرد عادی است می‌تواند فرصت‌هایی ایجاد کند حداکثر رساندن ثروت کمک کند. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی طبقه‌بندی انگیزه‌های کارآفرینان می­باشد.طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: با رویکرد مرور نظام­مند استفاده ماتریس شش سلولی دو مؤلفه جهت (کشش یا فشار) منبع (اق...

Recent studies provide compelling new evidence that Hox gene effects depend on fine-structure spatial and temporal information. Further, in a specific cell type, only one or a few downstream genes may mediate Hox morphogenetic functions. If this is generally true, it will have important implications for how Hox regulatory networks operate and evolve.