A stable topical ophthalmic cyclosporine A (CsA) formulation with good tolerance and high efficacy is still a desire in pharmaceutics and clinics. This article describes the preparation of CsA containing nanomicelles using a polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (PVCL-PVA-PEG) graft copolymer. Both the polymer itself and the CsA nanomicelles were evaluated for cytotoxicity...

This study explores the association of child sexual abuse (CSA) with subsequent health risk behaviors among a cross-section of 4354 adolescents and young adults surveyed in urban and rural Taipei. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were employed. The overall proportion of CSA was 5.15%, with more females (6.14%) than males (4.16%) likely to experience CSA. CSA was differently associa...

Infections with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy can lead to severe complications for both mother and child, resulting from the cytoadhesion of parasitized erythrocytes in the intervillous space of the placenta. Cytoadherence is conferred by the specific interaction of the parasite-encoded adhesin VAR2CSA with chondroitin-4-sulfate (CSA) present on placental pro...

Hierarchically structured carbon-silica aerogel (CSA) composites were synthesized from cheap water glass precursors and granulated activated carbon via a post-synthesis surface modification with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and a low-cost ambient pressure drying procedure. The resultant CSA composites possess micro/mesoporous structure and hydrophobic surface. The adsorption and desorption perf...

An adequate blood level of cyclosporine-A (CsA) is essential to keep graft function in kidney transplants. Due to a narrow therapeutic index and highly variable pharmacokinetic properties associated with CsA, drug interactions may have a significant impact on the immunosuppressive efficacy or toxicity of CsA. Numerous drug interactions of potential clinical significance involving CsA have been ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of calcineurin inhibitors [cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac)] to inhibit cellular uptake of atorvastatin mediated by the liver-specific organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) in vitro. Patients with solid organ transplants are frequently treated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). CsA increases atorvastatin sy...

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a common side effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA) after solid organ transplantation. CsA also markedly reduces the synthesis rate of bile salts in rats and can inhibit biliary bile salt secretion. It is not known, however, whether CsA inhibits the synthesis of bile salts in humans, and whether the hyperlipidemic effects of CsA are related to bile salt metabolism. Objecti...

Cyclosporin A (CsA) exhibits poor bioavailability after oral administration of Sandimmune, with wide intra- and interindividual variations. Our study sought to determine the effect of the coadministration of CsA standard oily formulation and tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) and that of an aqueous micellar solution containing TUDC, monoolein, and CsA in promoting and regulating CsA bioavailability i...

Two new selective media, oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB) and CHROMagar Staph aureus (CSA), were evaluated for identification of Staphylococcus aureus and for screening of methicillin resistance by addition of antimicrobial agents to these media. A well-defined collection consisting of 1,140 staphylococci was used. A total of 624 were S. aureus, of which 358 were methicillin sus...

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with many shortand long-term sequelae including obsessive-compulsive behaviors (OCB) and perfectionism. Research suggests that the expression of child perfectionism may be influenced by caregivers’ OCB and CSA history. Caregivers with a CSA history may engage in dysfunctional parenting styles associated with child perfectionism, while children of careg...