The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is a major contributor in maintaining energy expenditure and body weight, and the adipocyte hormone leptin regulates this axis by increasing TRH levels in the fed state. Leptin stimulates TRH directly in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN; direct pathway) and indirectly by regulating proopiomelnocortin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate ...

BACKGROUND Antibiotic/ herbicide resistant marker genes have been proven to be very useful in plant transformation for the initial selection of desired transgenic events. However, presence of these genes in the genetically modified crops may render the crop less acceptable to the consumers. Among several different approaches, the effectiveness of Cre/lox mediated recombination strategy for sele...

The use of C-terminal parathyroid (C-PTH) assays, performed at a commercial laboratory, was evaluated for one year at Charity Hospital, New Orleans. Of 72 patients, the most frequent diagnosis was primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT) (n = 17, 24 percent), followed by malignancy (n = 15, 21 percent), chronic renal disease (n = 10, 14 percent), and thiazide diuretics (n = 5, 7 percent). In ...

Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is diagnosed in approximately 100,000 patients in the US each year, with a 2-3:1 female-to-male distribution. In most cases, occurrence is sporadic rather than familial, and 80% to 85% of cases of sporadic primary HPT are caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma. The diagnosis is made by hypercalcemia with an inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) l...

Thyroid hormones and leptin have effects on similar aspects of body homeostasis, such as energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and metabolic efficiency. Thus, the cross-talk between the thyrostat and the lipostat might play a crucial role in the maintenance of body homeostasis. To investigate the relationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and leptin under physiological cond...

HYPOTHESIS Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) has equal cure and recurrence rates as standard cervical exploration. Changes in the management of primary HPT have occurred since introducing MIP including localization, anesthesia, intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring, and indications for parathyroidectomy. DESIGN Cohort analysis of 1361 con...

BACKGROUND Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinopathy characterised by the formation of parathyroid tumours. In this study, we determine the role of the recently identified gene, HRPT2, in parathyroid tumorigenesis. METHODS Mutation analysis of HRPT2 was undertaken in 60 parathyroid tumours: five HPT-JT, three FIHP, three MEN 1, one MEN 2A, 25 sporadic adenomas, 17 hyperplastic glands, tw...

The generated heat by the superconducting windings and other parts such as current leads in transformer increases hottest point temperature (HPT) causes high (HTS) to quench. Due properties of windings, reducing HPT is critical importance for stable operation HTS transformer. cooling system transformers, not only provides cryogenic proper superconductors but also responsible dissipating winding...

In this paper, the microstructural and hardness evolutions of an Mg-5.91Gd-3.29Y-0.54Zr (wt%) alloy during high-pressure torsion (HPT) were investigated. Deformation twinning played a crucial role in HPT-induced grain subdivision process. 1/8-revolution disk, 101¯1 101¯2 twins with different twin variants, 101¯1−101¯2 secondary twin-twin interactions activated. Primary prevailed at very central...

A possible deleterious effect of parathyroidectomy on renal allograft function has been discussed in recent literature. Schwarz et al. observed a correlation between acute kidney dysfunction and the degree of parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduction following a parathyroidectomy for tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). This effect seems to be in contrast to some physiological studies demonstrating th...