The work of fracture refractories is commonly calculated from crack mouth opening displacements (CMODs) in wedge splitting tests (WSTs). This paper proposes a methodology for estimating the energy notch displacement (NOD) measurements, which useful setups where CMOD not accessible. NODs and CMODs are both faces two WSTs experiments on castable refractory via digital image correlation (DIC) fini...

Phaseolus vulgaris is a promiscuous host plant that can be nodulated by many different rhizobia representing a wide spectrum of Nod factors. In this study, we introduced the Rhizobium tropici CFN299 Nod factor sulfation genes nodHPQ into Azorhizobium caulinodans. The A. caulinodans transconjugants produce Nod factors that are mostly if not all sulfated and often with an arabinosyl residue as th...

We have produced a panel of islet-specific T-cell clones from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. These clones proliferate and make interleukin 2 in an antigen-specific manner in response to NOD antigen-presenting cells and islet cells. Most of the clones respond to islet-cell antigen from different mouse strains but only in the presence of antigen-presenting cells bearing the class II major histocom...

Transgenic restoration of normally absent H2-E MHC class II molecules on APC dominantly inhibits T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. We analyzed the minimal requirements for transgenic H2-E expression on APC subtypes (B lymphocytes vs macrophages/dendritic cells (DC)) to inhibit IDDM. This issue was addressed through the use of NOD stocks transgenically e...

AIM Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been shown to predict diabetes mellitus (DM) in previous studies, but little is known about older adults. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate whether MS predicts new onset diabetes (NOD) in older community-living Taiwanese. METHODS Community-living people aged over 40 who participated in annual health examinations held by community health clinics were...

OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastrin promote pancreatic beta-cell function, survival, and growth. Here, we investigated whether GLP-1 and gastrin can restore the beta-cell mass and reverse hyperglycemia in NOD mice with autoimmune diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Acutely diabetic NOD mice were treated with GLP-1 and gastrin, separately or together, twice daily for 3 week...

The establishment of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis between Medicago spp. and Sinorhizobium meliloti is dependent on the production of sulfated lipo-chitooligosaccharidic nodulation (Nod) factors by the bacterial partner. In this article, using a biochemical approach to characterize putative Nod factor receptors in the plant host, we describe a high-affinity binding site (Kd = 0.45 nm) for the m...

Nod factors excreted by rhizobia are signal molecules that consist of a chitin oligomer backbone linked with a fatty acid at the nonreducing end. Modifications of the Nod factor structures influence their stability in the rhizosphere and their biological activity. To test the function of N-acetyl groups in Nod factors, NodSm-IV(C16:2,S) from Sinorhizobium meliloti was enzymatically N-deacetylat...

BACKGROUND Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice exhibit autoimmune diabetes and Sjögren's-like syndrome. OBJECTIVE To test whether a treatment that reverses end-stage diabetes in the NOD mouse would affect their Sjögren's-like syndrome. METHODS NOD mice have a proteasome defect. Improperly selected naive T cells escape, but can be killed by reintroducing major histocompatibility complex class I se...

In root hairs of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), the requirement of Ca(2+) for Nod factor signaling has been investigated by means of ion-selective microelectrodes. Measured 50 to 100 microm behind the growing tip, 0.1 microM NodRm-IV(C16:2,S) increased the cytosolic free [Ca2+] by about 0.2 pCa, while the same concentration of chitotetraose, the nonactive glucosamine backbone, had no effect. We dem...