Cortright, Ronald N., John L. Azevedo, Jr., Qian Zhou, Madhur Sinha, Walter J. Pories, Samar I. Itani, and G. Lynis Dohm. Protein kinase C modulates insulin action in human skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278: E553–E562, 2000.—There is good evidence from cell lines and rodents that elevated protein kinase C (PKC) overexpression/activity causes insulin resistance. Therefore, ...

Watson, Alastair J. M., and D. Mark Pritchard. Lessons from Genetically Engineered Animal Models. VII. Apoptosis in intestinal epithelium: lessons from transgenic and knockout mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 278: G1–G5, 2000.—Apoptosis plays an important role in homeostasis of intestinal epithelia and is also a stress response to toxic stimuli. Transgenic and knockout mice ha...

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that regulate fundamental cellular processes such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis through modulation of gene expression. Critical to understanding the role of miRNAs in this regulation is a method to rapidly and accurately quantitate miRNA gene expression. Existing methods lack sensitivity, specificity and ...

Tavares, Wendy, Daniel J. Drucker, and Patricia L. Brubaker. Enzymaticand renal-dependent catabolism of the intestinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278: E134–E139, 2000.— The intestinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2(1—33) is cleaved in vitro to GLP-2-(3—33) by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV). To determine the importance of DP IV v...

Zhang, Junlong, and Christopher D. Byrne Differential hepatic lobar gene expression in offspring exposed to altered maternal dietary protein intake. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 278: G128–G136, 2000.—Increased plasma fibrinogen concentrations are a recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease, and increased fibrinogen levels in adults are associated with parameters of reduc...

Elliott, Susan N., J. L. Wallace, W. McKnight, D. G. Gall, J. A. Hardin, M. Olson, and A. Buret. Bacterial colonization and healing of gastric ulcers: the effects of epidermal growth factor. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 278: G105–G112, 2000.—Experimental gastric ulcers are rapidly colonized by various bacteria, resulting in significantly impaired healing. Epidermal growth factor...

PAULINE B. DARLING,1,2 JOHN GRUNOW,1,3 MAHROUKH RAFII,1 STEVE BROOKES,4 RONALD O. BALL,2,5 AND PAUL B. PENCHARZ1–3,5 1The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8; Departments of 2Nutritional Sciences and 3Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2; 5Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ...

Casey, Anna, Rob Mann, Katie Banister, John Fox, Peter G. Morris, Ian A. Macdonald, and Paul L. Greenhaff. Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on glycogen resynthesis in human liver and skeletal muscle, measured by 13C MRS. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278: E65–E75, 2000.— This study investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on postexercise glycogen resynthesis, measured simult...

Shangraw, Robert E., and Farook Jahoor. Lipolysis and lipid oxidation in cirrhosis and after liver transplantation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278: G967– G973, 2000.—On the basis of the finding that plasma glycerol concentration is not controlled by clearance in healthy humans, it has been proposed that elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol concentrations in cirrhotic ...

Buéno, Lionel, Jean Fioramonti, and Rafael GarciaVillar. Pathobiology of Visceral Pain: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. III. Visceral afferent pathways: a source of new therapeutic targets for abdominal pain. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278: G670–G676, 2000.—Visceral pain is the major cause of consulting in gastroenterology and the principal symptom of functional ...