Subsurface ocean temperature indices are developed to identify two distinct types of tropical Pacific warming (El Niño) and cooling (La Niña) events: the Eastern-Pacific (EP) type and the Central-Pacific (CP) type. Ocean temperature anomalies in the upper 100 m are averaged over the eastern (80°W–90°W, 5°S–5°N) and central (160°E–150°W, 5°S–5°N) equatorial Pacific to construct the EP and CP sub...

0140-3664/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2009.10.006 * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Y. Zhang) [email protected] (W. Lu), [email protected] (L. Duan), s In this paper, we propose a novel supernode caching scheme to reduce IP lookup latencies and energy consumption in network processors. In stead of using an expensive TCAM based scheme, we imp...

Clear-sky brightness temperatures (BT) in five bands of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI; flown onboard Himawari-8 satellite) centered at 3.9, 8.6, 10.4, 11.2, and 12.3 μm (denoted by IR37, IR86, IR10, IR11, and IR12, respectively) are used in the NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) sea surface temperature (SST) retrieval system. Here, AHI BTs are preliminarily evaluated for s...

Warmer SST and more rain in the Northern Hemisphere are observed year-round in the tropical eastern Pacific with southerly wind crossing the equator toward the atmospheric heating. The southerlies are minimal during boreal spring, when two precipitation maxima straddle the equator. Fourteen atmosphere– ocean coupled GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and one coupled reg...

The 6-yr (1998–2003) rainfall products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) are used to quantify the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the eastern Pacific (defined by longitudinal averages over 90°–130°W) during boreal spring (March–April). The double-ITCZ phenomenon, represented by the occurrence of two maxima with respect to latitude in monthly mean rainfall, is observed...

[1] The fundamental measurement of the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on board the Aura spacecraft is upwelling infrared spectral radiances. Accurate TES retrievals of surface and atmospheric parameters such as trace gas amounts critically depend on well-calibrated radiance spectra. On-orbit TES nadir observations were evaluated using carefully selected, nearly coincident spectral rad...

[1] A simple function of sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature (SST) in the formAT = a + b (SSS 35) + c (SSS 35) + d (SST 20) + e (SST 20) fits surface total alkalinity (AT) data for each of five oceanographic regimes within an area-weighted uncertainty of ±8.1 mmol kg 1 (1s). Globally coherent surface AT data (n = 5,692) used to derive regional correlations of ATwith SSS and SSTwere colle...

The sensitivity of sea breeze structure to sea surface temperature (SST) and coastal orography is investigated in convection-permitting Met Office Unified Model simulations of a case study along the south coast of England. Changes in SST of 1 K are shown to significantly modify the structure of the sea breeze immediately offshore. On the day of the case study, the sea breeze was partially block...

In this paper, we study $L^p$-conjecture on locally compact hypergroups and by some technical proofs we give some sufficient and necessary conditions  for a weighted Lebesgue space  $L^p(K,w)$ to be a convolution Banach algebra, where $1<p<infty$, $K$ is a locally compact hypergroup and $w$ is a weight function on $K$.  Among the other things, we also show that if $K$ is a locally compact hyper...