Background: In binary high-throughput screening projects where the goal is the identification of low-frequency events, beyond the obvious issue of efficiency, false positives and false negatives are a major concern. Pooling constitutes a natural solution: it reduces the number of tests, while providing critical duplication of the individual experiments, thereby correcting for experimental noise...

Pooling of RNA samples isolated from tissue is a strategy that can be implemented in microarray experiments when the amount of sample RNA is limiting, or when variation across samples must be reduced. However, it is widely documented that important gene expression information is lost during pooling. This Technical Note qualifies and quantifies the effects of pooling on biological conclusions de...

Local descriptors are popular ways to characterize the local properties of images in various computer vision based tasks. To form the global descriptors for the image regions, the first-order feature pooling is widely used. However, as the first-order pooling technique treats each dimension of local features separately, the pairwise correlations of local features are usually ignored. Encouraged...

Test collections with a million or more documents are needed for the evaluation of modern information retrieval systems. Yet their construction requires a great deal of eeort. Judgements must be rendered as to whether or not documents are relevant to each of a set of queries. Exhaustive judging, in which every document is examined and a judgement rendered, is infeasible for collections of this ...

Test collections with a million or more documents are needed for the evaluation of modern information retrieval systems. Yet their construction requires a great deal of eeort. Judgements must be rendered as to whether or not documents are relevant to each of a set of queries. Exhaustive judging, in which every document is examined and a judgement rendered, is infeasible for collections of this ...

The present study asks in what way the activity of a neuronal population responding to a sensory stimulus could be most efficiently decoded, or 'read off', by the target neurons. A simple solution to this problem has been proposed - pooling the activity of responding neurons. However, pooling can be inefficient if sensory information is encoded by the 'label' of each neuron firing a spike. We h...

H should the excess profit because of inventory pooling be shared amongst firms at different levels along the supply chain? Suppose each of several retailers observes local demand for a common item and places an order at the supplier, which is immediately filled if the supplier has the item in stock. The supplier can fill retailer orders either from their reserved inventories or from a shareabl...

BACKGROUND Data confidentiality and shared use of research data are two desirable but sometimes conflicting goals in research with multi-center studies and distributed data. While ideal for straightforward analysis, confidentiality restrictions forbid creation of a single dataset that includes covariate information of all participants. Current approaches such as aggregate data sharing, distribu...

Considerable research has addressed whether the cognitive and neural representations recruited by faces are similar to those engaged by other types of visual stimuli. For example, research has examined the extent to which objects of expertise recruit holistic representation and engage the fusiform face area. Little is known, however, about the domain-specificity of the exemplar pooling processe...

1. Introduction In the last 15 years, for the standard three-batch stability analyses, debates focused on what is the significance level to be used in the stability pooling tests (pooling intercepts and pooling slopes). Because of the lack of sample size and power consideration, FDA adopted Bancroft's [1] recommendation of using 0.25 as the significant level at any of the pooling tests in order...