KCNQ channels belong to a family of potassium ion channels with crucial roles in physiology and disease. Heteromers of KCNQ2/3 subunits constitute the neuronal M channels. Inhibition of M currents, by pathways that stimulate phospholipase C activity, controls excitability throughout the nervous system. Here we show that a common feature of all KCNQ channels is their activation by the signaling ...

Different forms of phospholipase D (dependent on and independent of the presence of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, PIP(2)) were identified in maturing and germinating seeds of Brassica napus. Both forms were present in cytosolic and membrane fractions of maturing seeds. PIP(2)-dependent activity increased continuously during seed germination, while PIP(2)-independent activity appeared m...

Mammalian rod cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) channels (i.e., alpha plus beta subunits) are strongly inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) when they are expressed in Xenopus oocytes and studied in giant membrane patches. Cytoplasmic Mg-ATP inhibits CNG currents similarly, and monoclonal antibodies to PIP(2) reverse the effect and hyperactivate currents. When alpha subunits ...

Syntaxin (STX) is a N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein that binds to the plasma membrane and regulates ion channels and neurotransmitter transporters. Experiments have established the involvement of the N-terminal segment of STX in direct protein-protein interactions and have suggested a critical role for the phosphorylation of serine 14 (S14) by casei...

Over the past 16 years, there has been an impressive number of ion channels shown to be sensitive to the major phosphoinositide in the plasma membrane, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)). Among them are voltage-gated channels, which are crucial for both neuronal and cardiac excitability. Voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels were shown to be regulated bidirectionally by PIP(2). On on...

This study tries to gain insight into the effect of demographic and psychological variables on Bottom Pyramid (BoP) consumers for making Packaging Influenced Purchase (PIP) decisions by focusing two specific consumer behaviour theories - compensatory consumption consumers’ resistance. Being product's face, packaging contributes heavily above mentioned streams behaviour. A collection ten four ha...

When developing a persistent, distributed, and concurrent system, implementation and tests are usually hard. During tests, database, distribution, concurrency, and functional errors might appear at the same time, increasing debugging complexity. When using EJB [10] as the persistence and distribution technology, the deployment time might be very high. To fix errors — including functional, persi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dupuytren's contractures affecting proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints are challenging to treat. We explored the effects of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) on PIP joint contractures after injection of an affected metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint in the same finger and after injection of an isolated PIP joint contracture. METHODS Two patient subsets were eva...

In the present study, antidepressant-like effects of piperine (PIP) and its derivative, antiepilepsirine (AES), were investigated in two depressive models: forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). To further explore the mechanisms underlying their antidepressant-like activities, the brain monoamine levels and monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) activities were also det...