The endocannabinoid system is involved in the control of many physiological functions, including the control of emotional states. In rodents, previous exposure to an open field increases the anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze. Anxiolytic-like effects of pharmacological compounds that increase endocannabinoid levels have been well documented. However, these effects are more evident ...

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Euphorbiaceae) [EO] fruit is traditionally used as a general health tonic in Ayurveda. In the present study the effect of alcoholic extract of EO fruits was evaluated on acute stress induced biochemical and psychological changes in mice. Acute stress was induced by restraint stress method and the effect of EO at the doses of 100, 250 and 500mg/kg was evaluated on le...

Disrupted circadian rhythms are a core feature of mood and anxiety disorders. Circadian rhythms are coordinated by a light-entrainable master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Animal models of mood and anxiety disorders often exhibit blunted rhythms in locomotor activity and clock gene expression. Interestingly, the changes in circadian rhythms correlate with mood-related behaviours...

the anxiolytic effect of the flower of echium. amoenum was shown in several experimental studies in mice. the present study was aimed to determine whether tolerance develops to anxiolytic action of e. amoenum in mice. nmri male mice were injected intraperitoneal with hydroalcoholic extract (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) or saline once each day (8 am) for period of 7 days and then tested on light/dark ...

the present study was designed to study the preventive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ripe pistachio hulls (rph) in the elevated plus maze model of anxiety. one hundred twenty female wistar rats in their estrous cycle were divided into 15 groups of 8 each and received various concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of rph except the control groups. elevated plus maze was used to measure t...

Stress has profound influence on the gastro-intestinal tract, the immune system and the behavior of the animal. In this study, the correlation between gut microbiota composition determined by Denaturing Grade Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and tag-encoded 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing (454/FLX) and behavior in the Tripletest (Elevated Plus Maze, Light/Dark Box, and Open Field combined), the...

Tamarindus indica (Fabaceae) have been using in traditional medicine to cure various diseases, including mental stress and anxiousness. The current study was aimed evaluate phytochemical analysis anxiolytic activity of flower extracts (n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform methanol) different animal models such as elevated plus-maze, mirror chamber, light/dark, hole board tests. had showed presen...

The roots of Withania somnifera (L) Dunal (W. somnifera) are used extensively in Ayurveda, the classical Indian system medicine, and W. is categorized as a rasayana, which to promote physical mental health, provide defense against disease adverse environmental factors arrest aging process. has been stabilize mood patients with behavioural disturbances. objective this study was investigate pharm...

Neurocognitive effects of cannabinoids have been extensively studied with a focus on CB1 cannabinoid receptors because CB1 receptors have been considered the major cannabinoid receptor in the nervous system. However, recent discoveries of CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the brain demand accurate determination of whether and how CB2 receptors are involved in the cognitive effects of cannabinoids. C...

There is a clear link between dysregulation of glutamatergic signaling and mood disorders. Genetic variants in the glutamate receptor gene GRIK4, which encodes the kainate receptor subunit GluK4, alter the susceptibility for depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Here we demonstrate that Grik4(-/-) mice have reduced anxiety and an antidepressant-like phenotype. In the elevated zero-maz...