Introduction In 1963, Cairns invented DNA fiber autoradiography to spread and visualize [H]thymidine-labeled chromosomal DNA from Escherichia coli cells (Fig. 1 A). Using this technique, bidirectional replication was found to start at a single site (Cairns, 1963; Prescott and Kuempel, 1972), but its position could not be determined. Meanwhile, genetic studies suggested that in E. coli, each aut...

1 Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol and North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS16 1LE, UK 2 Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol and North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS16 1LE 4 Department of Neurosciences, North Bristol N...

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are disabling motor complications of long-term dopamine replacement in patients with Parkinson’s disease. In recent years, several alternative models have been proposed to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this hyperkinetic motor disorder. In particular, our group has shed new light on the role of the prefrontal cortex as a key site of interest, d...

In eukaryotes, regulated cell death (RCD) is an active mechanism essential for development, immune responses, and many pathophysiological processes (Hakem et al., 1998; Yoshida et al., 1998; Lindsten et al., 2000; Van Hautegem et al., 2015). In animals, cell death was traditionally classified into three categories, based on the morphological features exhibited by cells during the death process,...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 209 No. 1 97–110 www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.201408027 JCB 97 Correspondence to Yuxin Mao: [email protected] Abbreviation used in this paper: CCP, clathrin-coated pit; CI-M6PR, cationindependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor; CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; hSac2, homology Sac2; N2A, Neuro-2A; OCRL,...

Human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSC) are a heterogeneous cell population that contains adult multipotent stem cells. Although it is well established that hADSC have skeletal potential in vivo in adult organisms, in vitro assays suggest further differentiation capacity, such as into glia. Thus, we propose that grafting hADSC into the embryo can provide them with a much more instructive mi...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 186 No. 2 269–282 www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200901021 JCB 269 Correspondence to Michael J. Caplan: [email protected] Abbreviations used in this paper: BG, benzylguanine; CHX, cycloheximide; E-cadherin, epithelial cadherin; LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor; PGTI, postGolgi transport intermediate; PM, plasma membrane; RE...

The epicardium has emerged as a multipotent cardiovascular progenitor source with therapeutic potential for coronary smooth muscle cell, cardiac fibroblast (CF) and cardiomyocyte regeneration, owing to its fundamental role in heart development and its potential ability to initiate myocardial repair in injured adult tissues. Here, we describe a chemically defined method for generating epicardium...

1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan 3 Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan 4 Department of Radiolog...

Children use pronouns in their speech from the earliest word combinations. Yet, it is not clear from these early utterances whether they understand that pronouns are used as substitutes for nouns and entities in the discourse. The aim of this study was to examine whether young children understand the anaphoric function of pronouns, focusing on the interpretation of the pronoun it in Englishspea...