The morphological change of the paracellular route for fluid secretion is still a long-standing question. The purpose of this study was to visualize alterations in the cytoskeleton structure of tight junctions caused by carbachol (CCh) and isoproterenol (IPR) treatment of perfused rat submandibular glands (SMGs), using freeze-fracture (FF) replicas of rapidly frozen tissues. Isolated SMGs from ...

β-Cell plasticity governs the adjustment of β-cell mass and function to ensure normoglycemia. The study of how β-cell mass is controlled and the identification of alternative sources of β-cells are active fields of research. β-Cell plasticity has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological conditions. We developed a mice model in which we induced major β-cell mass atrophy by impl...

We study …rms’preferences towards intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes in a North-South context, using a simple duopoly model where a ’North’ and a ’South’ …rm compete in a third market. Unlike other contributions in this …eld, we explicitly introduce the South’s capability to undertake cost-reducing R&D, but maintain the South’s inferiority in utilizing and managing its R&D. In contrast ...

Chromatin template activity of mouse parotid glands increases after a single injection of isoproterenol (IPR), a procedure that causes, after a lag period of 20 hr, a marked stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell division in salivary glands of rodents. The increase in chromatin template activity occurs as early as 1 hr and peaks between 6 and 10 hr after IPR, paralleling previously reported chan...

The purpose of this study was to compare the epidemiology of freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling injuries sustained during a 2006 United States (US) national tournament. A prospective injury surveillance study was conducted at the US 2006 ASICS/Vaughan Cadet and Junior National Championships. There were 83 freestyle- and 55 Greco-Roman-related injuries sustained, with the rate of injury per 100...

Complexes of the type (η(3)-allyl)Pd(L)(Cl) and (η(3)-indenyl)Pd(L)(Cl) are highly active precatalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Even though allyl and indenyl ligands are similar to cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligands, there have been no detailed comparative studies exploring the activity of precatalysts of the type (η(5)-Cp)Pd(L)(Cl) for Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Here, we compare the catalyti...

Donor(thf)-induced tetramethylaluminate cleavage of Ln(AlMe(4))(2)(NSiMe(3)Ar(iPr)) as well as the reaction of (LnMe(3))(n) (Ln = Y, Ho, Lu) with HNSiMe(3)Ar(iPr) in tetrahydrofuran affords unprecedented trinuclear rare-earth metal tetramethyl methylidene complexes which act as Schrock-type nucleophilic carbenes and methyl transfer agents.

The new well-defined catalyst [Pd(μ-Cl)Cl(IPr*)]2 enables the efficient Grignard reagent cross-coupling for the synthesis of tetra-ortho-substituted biaryls. The high reactivity of the complex is associated with the important bulkiness of the IPr* ligand. The dimer represents the most efficient catalyst reported to date for this challenging transformation.

The three-coordinate iron(II) NHC complexes [(IPr)Fe(N'')2] (1) and [(I(t)Bu)Fe(N'')2] (3) (N'' = N(SiMe3)2) react with PhSeH or LiSePh to give the iron(II) selenolates [(IPr)Fe(N'')(SePh)] (6) and [I(t)Bu(H)][(aI(t)Bu)Fe(SePh)3], [I(t)Bu(H)][7], with complex 7 containing an abnormal NHC ligand.