BACKGROUND Among the most vulnerable people in society are children and this is especially so in their access to health care Off-label prescription of paediatric medicines is known to be associated with safety outcomes some of which may be serious. This study identifies frequently prescribed children's medicines that are not readily available in Ghana and are prepared extemporaneously. METHOD...

There is an emerging consensus both within the social scientific research community and more widely in public domain that expert authority “in trouble.” However, there much greater disagreement over scope scale of this trouble what it might mean for nature, status, significance 21st century. This paper identifies assesses three different narratives concerning crisis authority. These constitute ...

If an antitrust authority chooses an enforcement policy to maximize the number of successfully prosecuted cartels, when does that policy minimize the number of cartels that form? When the detection and prosecution of cartels is inherently difficult, we find that an antitrust authority’s policy minimizes the number of cartels, as is socially desirable. But when the detection and prosecution of c...

Group signature allows members to issue signatures on behalf of the group anonymously in normal circumstances. When the need arises, an opening authority (OA) can open a signature and reveal its true signer. Yet, many constructions require not only the OA’s secret key but also a member database (cf. a public-key repository) in this opening. This “secret members list” put the anonymity of member...

In 1994 Benaloh and de Mare introduced the notion of one way accumulators that allow to construct eecient protocols for proving membership in a list and related problems like time stamping and authentication. As required by Benaloh et al. unlike in signature based protocols no central trusted authority is (should be) needed. Accumula-tor based protocols do further improve on hash tree based pro...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to carry out an economic evaluation of the programme implemented in one district health authority for the screening of infants for hearing loss. DESIGN The approach taken was a cost-effectiveness analysis using the methodology of decision analysis to model the options appraised: (1) the conventional screening policy was for a health visitor and colleague to screen ...

non-authority of “alidjma almadraki” (idjma with known origins) is a topic frequently raised in the usulis’ contemporary literature. in this paper, the authority of “alidjma almadraki” has been studied through revisiting this idjma since the introduction of idjma in general by shia scholars up to the present. the results of this study show that based on all foundations raised to prove the autho...