The aim of this paper is to offer a novel friction stir welding technique achieve non-thinning and lack kissing bond welds with excellent mechanical properties. In the conventional (CFSW) process, certain size spindle tilting angle shoulder plunge depth were applied in order obtain high-quality welds. However, what was reason for thinning phenomenon weld thus weakening bearing capacity? reducti...

The kissing number in n-dimensional Euclidean space is the maximal number of non-overlapping unit spheres which simultaneously can touch a central unit sphere. Bachoc and Vallentin developed a method to find upper bounds for the kissing number based on semidefinite programming. This paper is a report on high accuracy calculations of these upper bounds for n ≤ 24. The bound for n = 16 implies a ...