BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine whether a stratified gray-scale median (GSM) analysis of the carotid plaque combined with color mapping could predict plaque histology better than an overall GSM measurement. METHODS Thirty-one carotid plaques derived from 28 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were investigated by ultrasound. GSMs of the whole plaque were used as measurement of echo...

BACKGROUND Several studies have found that the ultrasound greyscale median (GSM) of carotid artery plaques may be useful for predicting the risk of cerebrovascular events. However, measurements of GSM are typically performed on still ultrasound images ignoring any variations that may be observed on a frame-by-frame basis. The aim of this study was to establish the existence and investigate the ...

Case Management is emerging as an important paradigm for Business Process Management. The Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM) model is a recent case management approach that substantially influences OMG’s emerging Case Management Modeling Notation standard. We study the problem of outsourcing part of a GSM schema to another party, and develop a framework that supports splitting and outsourcing of GSM s...

Various digital cellular standards were developed in several regional standards bodies during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The first-generation standards had been developed some ten years earlier. GSM The development of the new pan-European digital cellular standard got under way in 1985. GSM has since evolved into the leading global second-generation standard, in terms of number of subscrib...

GSM (Group Special Mobile or System for Mobile Communications) is the PAN-EUROPEAN standard for digital cellular communication. GSM provides enhanced features when compared with the older analog-based wireless systems. A GSM network is more vulnerable to unauthorized access and eavesdropping when compared with the traditional fixed wired networks due to the mobility of users, the transmission o...

Artifact-centric systems are a recent paradigm to model and implement business workflows. They describe data, processes, internal and external agents and include mechanisms for data hiding and access control. GSM is a language for the implementation of artifact-centric systems. Since GSM programs have infinitely many states, their verification is challenging. We here present a predicate abstrac...

The standardisation work of GSM-based systems has its roots in the 1980s, when a standardisation body ‘Groupe Special Mobile’ (GSM)1 was created within the Conference Europeenne des Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT), whose task was to develop a unique digital radio communication system for Europe, at 900 MHz. Since the early days of GSM development, the system has experienced extensive modifi...