The effect of stimulus frequency on the in vivo pressure generating capacity of the human diaphragm is unknown at lung volumes other than functional residual capacity. The transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) produced by a pair of phrenic nerve stimuli may be viewed as the sum of the Pdi elicited by the first (T1 Pdi) and second (T2 Pdi) stimuli. We used bilateral anterior supramaximal magnetic ph...

Native disulfide bond formation in eukaryotes is dependent on protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) and its homologs, which contain varying combinations of catalytically active and inactive thioredoxin domains. However, the specific contribution of PDI to the formation of new disulfides versus reduction/rearrangement of non-native disulfides is poorly understood. We analyzed the role of individual ...

Quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is thought to be mediated by the interaction of a folding protein with one or several resident ER proteins [1]. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is one such ER resident protein that has been previously shown to interact with proteins during their folding and assembly pathways [2, 3]. It has been assumed that, as a consequence of this inter...

Density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP-D3 with implicit solvation in toluene) was used to investigate the mechanisms of olefin hydrosilylation catalyzed by PDI(Fe) (bis(imino)pyridine iron) complexes, where PDI = 2,6-(ArN[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe)2(C5H3N) with Ar = 2,6-R2-C6H3. We find that the rate-determining step for hydrosilylation is hydride migration from Et3SiH onto the Fe-bound ...

Recently we found by immunogold electron microscopy that protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI), a major resident protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of many cells, is exceptionally localized in rat exocrine pancreatic cells not only in the ER but also in plasma membranes and other organelles along secretory pathway (Akagi, S., Yamamoto, A., Yoshimori, T., Masaki, R., Ogawa, R., a...

Pitch discrimination interference (PDI) refers to an impairment in the ability to discriminate changes in the fundamental frequency (F0) of a target harmonic complex, caused by another harmonic complex (the interferer) presented simultaneously in a remote spectral region. So far, PDI has been demonstrated for target complexes filtered into a higher spectral region than the interferer and contai...

This study investigated the relationship among resistive load magnitude (DeltaR), the cortical evoked potential P(1) peak amplitude of the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP), mouth pressure (Pm), esophageal pressure (Pes), transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), and resistive load magnitude estimation (ME) in human subjects. The RREP, Pdi, Pes, Pm, and ME were recorded in response to three ...

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a very efficient catalyst of folding of many disulfide-bonded proteins. A great deal is known about the catalytic functions of PDI, while little is known about its substrate binding. We recently demonstrated by cross-linking that PDI binds peptides and misfolded proteins, with high affinity but broad specificity. To characterize the substrate-binding site of...

We compared the positive deviance (PD) approach in Save the Children's field guide with a case-control study (CCS) to identify behaviors associated with good nutritional status in Afghan refugee children 6 to 24 months of age in the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan. The positive deviance inquiry (PDI), utilizing observations and interviews with mothers, fathers, and secondary caregi...

Previous studies have demonstrated that extracellular glutathione reduces the ability of the Cystic Fibrosis pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia to infect primary or immortalized epithelial respiratory cells. We report here that the adhesion and invasion ability of B. cenocepacia is limited also by thiol-oxidizing and disulphide-reducing agents and by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitors....