The goal of the Smart Choices Program (SCP) is to provide a simple front-of-the-package icon system to direct consumers to smarter food choices in the supermarket, which will eventually lead to more balanced diets and to more beneficial foods as food manufacturers renovate products to meet the nutrition criteria for carrying the icon. The SCP was developed by a coalition of scientists and nutri...

BACKGROUND New brands of potential long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) and LLIN treatment kits require field evaluation before they are used in a vector control programme. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-efficacy, usage, washing practice and physical integrity of nets treated with LLIN treatment kit, ICON MAXX in a phase III field trial in Odisha state, India. MET...

Axiomatic foundations for a theory of perception have been given in a prior communication [Shiman, L. G. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 2049-2053]. The theory is based on mathematically characterized stable images. Stable images model subjective (psychological) states of observers. We showed there is a universal procedure by which such stable images can be assigned to objects of percepti...

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immunity and in mediating antibody and Icon (an antibody-like factor VII/IgG1 Fc immunoconjugate, which, to our best knowledge, was the first therapeutic agent for dual targeting of both the tumor cells and tumor angiogenic endothelial cells) for cancer immunotherapy. However, a common yet often neglected observation and challenge in an...

This study investigated usability of graphical icons in the design of human–computer interfaces. A simple additive model of icon acquisition time, including terms for Index of Difficulty, mode of icon array, and log2 (number of icons) explained 95% of the variance in mean times covering all 36 conditions over 4 laboratory experiments conducted in the study. The acquisition of icons in graphical...

Engaging communication of complex scientific concepts with the general public requires more than simplification. Compelling, relevant, and timely points of linkage between scientific concepts and the experiences and interests of the general public are needed. Pop-culture icons such as superheroes can represent excellent opportunities for exploring scientific concepts in a mental “landscape” tha...

Icons are a very important component of graphical user interfaces. However, icon design is still predominantly artistic in nature and as a result icon selection is generally based on usability evaluations after a set of alternative icons are developed. This process tends to be time-consuming and costly. In this research, we address the issues of what should be depicted in an icon, given the fun...

The aims of this study were two-fold. First to compare the perceptions of African dental aesthetics as determined by a panel of black African Senegalese and French Caucasian judges, and second to compare the sensitivity and specificity of both components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in relation to the opinions of African ...

Introduction. The assessment of orthodontic treatment need and complexity are necessary for informed planning of orthodontic services. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess these parameters using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) in a Nigerian adolescent population in a region where orthodontic services are just being established. Methods. Six hundred and twelve ra...

Pictorial images are icons as well as eye-cons: they provide distillations of objects or ideas into simpler shapes. They create the impression of representing that which cannot be presented. Even at the level of the photograph, the links between icon and object are tenuous. The dimensions of depth and motion are missing from icons, and these alone introduce all manner of potential ambiguities. ...