The flavoprotein nitroalkane oxidase (NAO) from Fusarium oxysporum catalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes to the respective aldehydes with production of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide. The sequences of several peptides from the fungal enzyme were used to design oligonucleotides for the isolation of a portion of the NAO gene from an F. oxysporum genomic DNA preparation. This sequence was used to...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Materials and methods 3.1. Materials and media 3.1.1. Preparation of thymocytes 3.2. Mg loading procedure 3.3. Measurement of intracellular Na and Mg 3.4. Measurement of Nao-induced Mg efflux 3.5. Measurement of Nao-induced Mgit and Nait changes 3.6. Statistical analysis 4. Results 4.1. Nait and Mgit content 4.2. Plasmalemmal Mg leak was not enhanced by A-23187 Mg...

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are potentially attractive antisense agents against hepatitis B virus (HBV), although poor cellular uptake limits their therapeutic application. In the duck HBV (DHBV) model, we evaluated different cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for delivery to hepatocytes of a PNA-targeting hepadnaviral encapsidation signal (ε). This anti-ε PNA exhibited sequence-specific inhibit...

[1] This study examines the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and vegetation productivity in Asia inferred from both provincial crop yields data in China and satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data. Our finding suggests that vegetation productivity in northern Asia during the main growing season correlates significantly to NAO, with a surprising lon...

Quasi-decadal variability in solar irradiance has been suggested to exert a substantial effect on Earth's regional climate. In the North Atlantic sector, the 11-year solar signal has been proposed to project onto a pattern resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), with a lag of a few years due to ocean-atmosphere interactions. The solar/NAO relationship is, however, highly misrepresented...

We here present a reconstruction (1725–1999) of the winter Pacific North American (PNA) pattern based on three winter climate sensitive tree ring records from the western USA. Positive PNA phases in our record are associated with warm phases of ENSO and PDO and the reorganization of the PNA pattern towards a positive mode is strongest when ENSO and PDO are in phase. Regime shifts in our PNA rec...

Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) mimic DNA and RNA by forming complementary duplex structures following Watson-Crick base pairing. A set of reporter compounds that bind to DNA by intercalation are known, but these compounds do not intercalate in PNA/DNA hybrid duplexes. Analysis of the hybrid PNA duplexes requires development of reporter compounds that probe their chemical and physical properties. W...

In order to facilitate the removal of peptide nucleic acid (PNA), when necessary, from its duplexes and invasion complexes, a disulfide bond was introduced to its main chain. The disulfide bond was readily cleaved by various reducing agents (2-mercaptoethanol, dl-dithiothreitol, and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) even when the PNA was forming a duplex with its complementary DNA. The resultant t...

psuedopeptide backbone composed of N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine units, and nucleobases are attached by methylene carbonyl linkers (Fig. 1). Since the binding of PNA to DNA inhibits transcription, the potential of PNA has been focused to target an antisense drug.1 Moreover, PNA-peptides hybridization and improvements of the PNA backbone unit were developed to form DNA-DNA-PNA triplexes with nonspeci...

Mitochondria-rich cells (MR cells) of the gills of rainbow trout undergo changes in relative distribution and biochemical function during acclimation to partial-strength (10 per thousand ) and full-strength (30 per thousand ) seawater. In isolated total gill cells, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity increased fivefold and H(+)-ATPase activity decreased fourfold when trout were acclimated to either 10 p...