When mitochondria are exposed to high Ca2+ concentrations, especially when accompanied by oxidative stress and adenine nucleotide depletion, they undergo massive swelling and become uncoupled. This occurs as a result of the opening of a non-specific pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane, known as the MPTP (mitochondrial permeability transition pore). If the pore remains open, cells cannot ma...

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of magnolol in preventing 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP-) induced neurodegeneration in mice and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-(MPP(+)-) induced cytotoxicity to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and to examine the possible mechanisms. Magnolol (30 mg/kg) was orally administered to C57BL/6N mice once a day for 4 or 5 days eit...

Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized primarily by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, there is a concomitant loss of norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus. Dopaminergic lesions induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are commonly used to model PD, and although MPTP effectively mimics the dopaminergic neuropathology of PD in mice, it fail...

Intake of fish oil containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) prevents heart failure; however, the mechanisms are unclear. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening contributes to myocardial pathology in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and treatment with DHA EPA delays MPTP opening. Here, we assessed: 1) whether supplementation with both DHA and...

Incidence of Parkinson's disease is lower in women as compared with men. Although neuroprotective effect of estrogen is recognized, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6, tetrahydro-pyridine), a neurotoxin that causes Parkinson's disease-like symptoms acts through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Administration of MPTP to male mice results in ...

Treatment with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exerts cardioprotective effects, and suppresses Ca2+-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). These effects are associated with increased DHA and EPA, and lower arachidonic acid (ARA) in cardiac phospholipids. While clinical studies suggest t...

The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of antioxidative traditional oriental medicine formulae, Shengmai San (SMS) and LingGuiZhuGanTang (LGZGT), against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (i.p 30 mg·kg(-1) for 5 consecutive days) induced neurotoxicity. In in vitro antioxidant assays measured with Trolox and butyl hydroxyl toluene as reference antioxid...

Monkeys treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) have been widely used as animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Depending on the method of administration different PD models can be developed. Systemic (iv, sc.) MPTP administration can induce an advanced parkinsonian syndrome. However, systemic administration may require intensive animal care after neurotoxin adminis...

There is considerable overlap between the cognitive deficits observed in humans with frontal lobe damage and those described in patients with Parkinson's disease. Similar frontal impairments have been found in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) primate model of Parkinsonism. Here we provide quantitative documentation of the cognitive, oculomotor, and skeletomotor dysfuncti...

The dithiol reagents phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and dibromobimane (DBrB) have opposite effects on the F 1 O -ATPase activity. PAO 20% increases ATP hydrolysis at 50 μM when enzyme activity is activated by natural cofactor Mg 2+ 150 it Ca . PAO-driven activation reverted to basal dithiothreitol (DTE). Conversely, 300 DBrB decreases 25% 50% In both cases, inhibition insensitive DTE. mitochondrial p...